scholarly journals Longitudinal association between infant disorganized attachment and childhood posttraumatic stress symptoms

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1351-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Z. Macdonald ◽  
Marjorie Beeghly ◽  
Wanda Grant-Knight ◽  
Marilyn Augustyn ◽  
Ryan W. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether children with a history of disorganized attachment in infancy were more likely than children without a history of disorganized attachment to exhibit symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at school age following trauma exposure. The sample consisted of 78 8.5-year-old children from a larger, ongoing prospective study evaluating the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure (IUCE) on children's growth and development from birth to adolescence. At the 12-month visit, children's attachment status was scored from videotapes of infant–caregiver dyads in Ainsworth's strange situation. At the 8.5-year visit, children were administered the Violence Exposure Scale—Revised, a child-report trauma exposure inventory, and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents by an experienced clinical psychologist masked to children's attachment status and IUCE status. Sixteen of the 78 children (21%) were classified as insecure–disorganized/insecure–other at 12 months. Poisson regressions covarying IUCE, gender, and continuity of maternal care indicated that disorganized attachment status at 12 months, compared with nondisorganized attachment status, significantly predicted both higher avoidance cluster PTSD symptoms and higher reexperiencing cluster PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that the quality of early dyadic relationships may be linked to differences in children's later development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic event.

scholarly journals Longitudinal association between infant disorganized attachment and childhood posttraumatic stress symptoms

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Z. MacDonald ◽  
Marjorie Beeghly ◽  
Wanda Grant-Knight ◽  
Marilyn Augustyn ◽  
Ryan W. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether children with a history of disorganized attachment in infancy were more likely than children without a history of disorganized attachment to exhibit symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at school age following trauma exposure. The sample consisted of 78 8.5-year-old children from a larger, ongoing prospective study evaluating the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure (IUCE) on children's growth and development from birth to adolescence. At the 12-month visit, children's attachment status was scored from videotapes of infant–caregiver dyads in Ainsworth's strange situation. At the 8.5-year visit, children were administered the Violence Exposure Scale—Revised, a child-report trauma exposure inventory, and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents by an experienced clinical psychologist masked to children's attachment status and IUCE status. Sixteen of the 78 children (21%) were classified as insecure–disorganized/insecure–other at 12 months. Poisson regressions covarying IUCE, gender, and continuity of maternal care indicated that disorganized attachment status at 12 months, compared with nondisorganized attachment status, significantly predicted both higher avoidance cluster PTSD symptoms and higher reexperiencing cluster PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that the quality of early dyadic relationships may be linked to differences in children's later development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic event.

The Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Anxiety Sensitivity in a College Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412094822
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Caulfield ◽  
Rachel L. Martin ◽  
Aaron M. Norr ◽  
Daniel W. Capron
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms

Background/Objectives One-half of all U.S. adults will experience at least one traumatic event, and of those, approximately 11% develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Despite efficacious treatments for PTSD, one-third of people diagnosed still express symptoms after treatment.Thus, it is important to identify underlying factors that may be associated with PTSD symptom clusters to improve treatment efficacy. One potential factor is anxiety sensitivity (AS), or “the fear of fear,” and includes three different subfactors: physical, cognitive, and social concerns, yet few studies have examined this association using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3. Method Participants included 65 undergraduate students from a Southeastern University who were elevated on anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and experienced at least one traumatic event. Participants completed measures of trauma exposure, anxiety sensitivity, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Results Results revealed that AS physical symptoms had the most robust association with potential PTSD symptoms and individual PTSD symptom clusters with the exception of the avoidance and numbing cluster Conclusions These findings may help clarify the nature of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and AS using the most updated measure of AS (ASI-3).

scholarly journals Using Psychedelics With Therapeutic Intent Is Associated With Lower Shame and Complex Trauma Symptoms in Adults With Histories of Child Maltreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 247054702110298
Author(s):  
C. J. Healy ◽  
Kellie Ann Lee ◽  
Wendy D’Andrea
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Internalized Shame ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Background Child maltreatment negatively affects the formation of internal schemata of self and other during development, leading to negative adaptations in self-concept and social cognition. Clinical reports suggest the efficacy of psychedelics in treating the psychopathological sequelae of child maltreatment. Altering maladaptive schemata of self and other implicated in negative self-concept and impaired social cognition may be a central mechanism for reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms. Aims This study aims to assess whether psychedelic use moderates the relationships between child maltreatment and self-concept, social cognition, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Method An online survey was completed by 166 participants and included measures of maltreatment exposure and severity, history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use, posttraumatic stress symptoms, internalized shame, and facial emotion recognition. Results Child maltreatment significantly correlated with posttraumatic stress symptoms ( r = .26 and r = .20, p < .01) and internalized shame ( r = .18, p < .05). Of all maltreatment subtypes, emotional abuse and neglect most strongly correlated with complex trauma symptoms ( r = .32, p < .001) and internalized shame ( r = .31, p < .001). Participants with a history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use reported significantly lower complex trauma symptoms ( d = 0.33, p < .05) and internalized shame ( d = 0.35, p < .05) despite similar histories of maltreatment. Differences in complex trauma symptoms ( d = 0.66, p < .01) and internalized shame ( d = 0.80, p < .001) were largest for participants with a history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use. A history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use significantly moderated the relationship between emotional abuse and neglect and complex trauma symptoms (p < .01). No associations were found between maltreatment or psychedelic use and facial emotion recognition. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that using psychedelic drugs with therapeutic intent is associated with lower levels of complex trauma symptoms and internalized shame in individuals with histories of child maltreatment. Psychedelic use may have therapeutic benefit in treating the posttraumatic sequelae of child maltreatment.

Perceived Self-efficacy during an Emergency Situation Reduces Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Saccinto ◽  
Lola Vallès ◽  
Ed Hilterman ◽  
Malin Roiha ◽  
Luca Pietrantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigates if perceived self-efficacy during an emergency situation has a protective role in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms among Italian and Spanish survivors of several emergency situations. We explored the impact of self-efficacy in a multiple regression model including other predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as emergency prevention knowledge; trust in emergency services; risk perception of becoming a victim of an emergency situation; and conscious and active behaviors in comparison with no conscious and no active behavior during the emergency. We carried out a retrospective study recruiting 214 participants who reported their experience as victims of one specific emergency event. Results showed that survivors who perceived themselves as more self-efficacious during the traumatic event had less posttraumatic stress symptoms. In contrast, female gender, more self-threat perception and higher trauma severity were associated with more symptoms. Findings contribute to better understand human behavior in emergency situations and evidence the protective role of perceived self-efficacy beliefs among survivors of emergency situations.

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