Childhood personality pathology: Dimensional stability and change

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara de Clercq ◽  
Karla van Leeuwen ◽  
Wim van den Noortgate ◽  
Marleen de Bolle ◽  
Filip de Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Individual Growth Curve ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Over Time

AbstractStudies on the developmental course of personality disorders have suggested that adult personality disorders enclose both features with a natural plasticity over time, as well as stable components represented by underlying trait dimensions. The current study broadens this dimensional stability perspective toward an earlier developmental stage, and describes with different indices of stability the longitudinal behavior of basic childhood maladaptive trait dimensions in a community sample of 477 Flemish children. The results underscore structural, rank-order, and within-person stability for the disagreeableness, emotional instability, introversion, and compulsivity dimensions and suggest a similar maturation principle as has been proposed for adults. Individual growth curve analyses indicate that children's maladaptive trait scores generally decrease as they grow older, with a smaller decline for high-scoring individuals. Childhood maladaptive traits and general psychopathology dimensions show similar longitudinal patterns in terms of shape and change over time, supporting a spectrum conceptualization of Axis I related pathology and personality disorder precursors at young age. The implications of these findings for a developmental perspective on dimensional conceptualizations of personality disorders are discussed.

scholarly journals Personality pathology recorded by severity: national survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Jeremy Coid ◽  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Critical Requirement

BackgroundCurrent classifications of personality disorders do not classify severity despite clinical practice favouring such descriptions.AimsTo assess whether an existing measure of severity of personality disorder predicted clinical pathology and societal dysfunction in a community sample.MethodUK national epidemiological study in which personality status was measured using the screening version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Personality Disorders (SCID–II) and reclassified to five levels using a modified severity index. Associations between levels of severity of personality pathology and social, demographic and clinical variables were measured.ResultsOf 8391 individuals interviewed and their personality status assessed, only a minority (n = 1933, 23%) had no personality pathology. The results supported the hypothesis. More severe personality pathology was associated incrementally with younger age, childhood institutional care, expulsion from school, contacts with the criminal justice system, economic inactivity, more Axis I pathology and greater service contact (primary care and secondary care, all P<0.001). Significant handicap was noted among people with even low levels of personality pathology. No differences contradicted the main hypothesis.ConclusionsA simple reconstruction of the existing classification of personality disorder is a good predictor of social dysfunction and supports the development of severity measures as a critical requirement in both DSM–V and ICD–11 classifications.

scholarly journals Associations in the Course of Personality Disorders and Axis I Disorders Over Time.

2004 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tracie Shea ◽  
Robert L. Stout ◽  
Shirley Yen ◽  
Maria E. Pagano ◽  
Andrew E. Skodol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Over Time

Test-Retest Reliability of a Self-Report Questionnaire for DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ottosson ◽  
Martin Grann ◽  
Gunnar Kullgren
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Summary: Short-term stability or test-retest reliability of self-reported personality traits is likely to be biased if the respondent is affected by a depressive or anxiety state. However, in some studies, DSM-oriented self-reported instruments have proved to be reasonably stable in the short term, regardless of co-occurring depressive or anxiety disorders. In the present study, we examined the short-term test-retest reliability of a new self-report questionnaire for personality disorder diagnosis (DIP-Q) on a clinical sample of 30 individuals, having either a depressive, an anxiety, or no axis-I disorder. Test-retest scorings from subjects with depressive disorders were mostly unstable, with a significant change in fulfilled criteria between entry and retest for three out of ten personality disorders: borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Scorings from subjects with anxiety disorders were unstable only for cluster C and dependent personality disorder items. In the absence of co-morbid depressive or anxiety disorders, mean dimensional scores of DIP-Q showed no significant differences between entry and retest. Overall, the effect from state on trait scorings was moderate, and it is concluded that test-retest reliability for DIP-Q is acceptable.

An evaluation of DSM-5 Section III Personality Disorder Criterion A (Impairment) in accounting for psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Sleep ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Michael L Crowe ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Axis I

An alternative diagnostic model of personality disorders (AMPD) was introduced in DSM-5 that diagnoses PDs based on the presence of personality impairment (Criterion A) and pathological personality traits (Criterion B). Research examining Criterion A has been limited to date, due to the lack of a specific measure to assess it; this changed, however, with the recent publication of a self-report assessment of personality dysfunction as defined by Criterion A (Levels of Personality Functioning Scale – Self-report; LPFS-SR; Morey, 2017). The aim of the current study was to test several key propositions regarding the role of Criterion A in the AMPD including the underlying factor structure of the LPFS-SR, the discriminant validity of the hypothesized factors, whether Criterion A distinguishes personality psychopathology from Axis I symptoms, the overlap between Criterion A and B, and the incremental predictive utility of Criterion A and B in the statistical prediction of traditional PD symptom counts. Neither a single factor model nor an a priori four-factor model of dysfunction fit the data well. The LPFS-SR dimensions were highly interrelated and manifested little evidence of discriminant validity. In addition, the impairment dimensions manifested robust correlations with measures of both Axis I and II constructs, challenging the notion that personality dysfunction is unique to PDs. Finally, multivariate regression analyses suggested that the traits account for substantially more unique variance in DSM-5 Section II PDs than does personality impairment. These results provide important information as to the functioning of the two main components of the DSM-5 AMPD and raise questions about whether the model may need revision moving forward.Keywords: dysfunction, impairment, personality disorders, Section III, incremental validity Public Significance: The alternative model of personality disorders included in Section III of the 5th addition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes two primary components: personality dysfunction and maladaptive traits. The current results raise questions about how a new, DSM-5 aligned measure of personality dysfunction operates with regard its factor structure, discriminant validity, ability to differentiate between personality and non-personality based forms of psychopathology, and incremental validity in the statistical prediction of traditional DSM personality disorders.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment Associated With Adult Personality Disorders: Findings From the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Battle ◽  
M. Tracie Shea ◽  
Dawn M. Johnson ◽  
Shirley Yen ◽  
Caron Zlotnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Adult Personality

scholarly journals Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 983-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE C. MOREY ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. HOPWOOD ◽  
JOHN G. GUNDERSON ◽  
ANDREW E. SKODOL ◽  
M. TRACIE SHEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Categorical Diagnosis ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Marker Variables ◽  
Over Time

Background. The categorical classification system for personality disorder (PD) has been frequently criticized and several alternative dimensional models have been proposed.Method. Antecedent, concurrent and predictive markers of construct validity were examined for three models of PDs: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) model and the DSM-IV in the Collaborative Study of Personality Disorders (CLPS) sample.Results. All models showed substantial validity across a variety of marker variables over time. Dimensional models (including dimensionalized DSM-IV) consistently outperformed the conventional categorical diagnosis in predicting external variables, such as subsequent suicidal gestures and hospitalizations. FFM facets failed to improve upon the validity of higher-order factors upon cross-validation. Data demonstrated the importance of both stable trait and dynamic psychopathological influences in predicting external criteria over time.Conclusions. The results support a dimensional representation of PDs that assesses both stable traits and dynamic processes.

The dexamethasone suppression test and DSM-III-R diagnoses in suicide attempters

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Westrin ◽  
Karin Frii ◽  
Lil Träskman-Bendz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Suicide Attempter ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Low Cortisol ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

AbstractPrevious research on hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis-activity in suicide attempter research has shown conflicting outcomes. The design of the present study was to test the influence of personality disorders and concominant axis I diagnoses on the dexamethasone suppression diagnostic test by use of multiple regression analyses. The sample consisted of 184 patients with a recent suicide attempt and 42 healthy controls. As expected, the lowest pre- and postdexamethasone cortisol levels were found in patients with personality disorders axis II, cluster B as compared to the other patients. The results remained significant when analysed for covariance with DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses, age or sex. Whether these low cortisol levels are due to previous experience of extreme stressful events or long-lasting burden, or whether they may be a consequence of biogenetic or psychological predisposal of interest, remains to be elucidated. Axis I comorbidity needs to be further examined.

Suicide Probability Among Tramadol Addicts

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saad Mohamed ◽  
Nesreen Mohammed Mohsen ◽  
Lobna AbuBakr Ismail ◽  
Ayat Ullah Mazloum Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Axis I

Abstract Background The magnitude of the problem of substance use in Egypt has been growing lately. Substance use disorders have been associated with depression and suicide, as well as impulsivity and specific personality traits. Suicide is closely linked to the substances use. Therefore it is very important to confirm the factors that affect the possibility of suicide. Aim of the Work This study aimed at evaluating suicide risk and its correlation with each of personality disorders and severity of addiction in a sample of 72 tramadol addicts from outpatient clinic of Institute of psychaitry Ain Shams University hospitals. Patients and Methods This is a descriptive Cross sectional study conducted in outpatient clinic of Institute of psychaitry Ain Shams University hospital. The present study aimed at analyzing the demographic data of 72 tramadol addicts, over six months period from January 2018 to August 2019. The severity of the addiction problem among those patients was assessed using Addiction Severity Index (ASI), suicidal probability was assessed using suicide probability scale (SPS), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-VI Axis II (SCID-II) for assessing personality disorders and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I). Results The results showed that 32 (44.44%) of the patients had a risk of suicide probability. Also there was a statistically significant difference between risk of suicidal probability and personality disorders especially antisocial personality. It was found that the need for more power for work and pleasurable effects were the most risk factors for tramadol addiction. Conclusion Suicide probability was found to be (44.44%) among the studied tramadol addicts. The risk of suicide probability among them was found to be significant in each of the following: antisocial personality disorder, longer duration of addiction, being single and positive family history of addiction. Attention should be paid to include the assessment of suicidal risk as part of routine assessment of addicts.

Antecedents of Personality Disorders in a Community Sample of Men

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Drake ◽  
David A. Adler ◽  
George E. Vaillant
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Community Sample

Longitudinal Stability of Personality

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Normal Human Brain ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Over Time

Estimates of the longitudinal stability of the normal adult personality decrease with increase in the length of the assessment-reassessment interval over which stability is measured, regardless of the method employed. This randomness in the evolution of personality is attributed to the inherent indeterminacy of the global dynamics of the normal human brain. The predictive power of theories of personality is fundamentally constrained. Explanatory personality theories should not be evaluated in terms of the proportion of the total variance that they predict over time but rather on the proportion of the predictable variance they account for.

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