scholarly journals Sequences of maladaptation: Preadolescent self-regulation, adolescent negative social interactions, and young adult psychopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odilia M. Laceulle ◽  
René Veenstra ◽  
Wilma A. M. Vollebergh ◽  
Johan Ormel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Negative Social Interactions ◽  
Adult Psychopathology ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractThis study aims to test whether adolescent negative social interactions mediate the relation between early adolescent self-regulatory capacities and young adult psychopathology, using a fully prospective mediation model. Data were derived from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, a large population cohort of Dutch adolescents (n= 962). At age 11, three indicators of self-regulation were assessed: low frustration, high effortful control, and high response inhibition. Negative social interactions between ages 11 and 22 were captured twice using the Event History Calendar. Psychopathology (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems) was assessed at ages 11 and 22. Findings indicate that adolescents’ frustration and effortful control but not response inhibition assessed at age 11 are related to both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 22, after controlling for psychopathology at age 11, sex, and socioeconomic status. These associations were partly (about 22%) mediated by the negative social interactions adolescents experienced. Effect sizes were all modest. This study shows that self-regulation is related to subsequent psychopathology in part through its effect on negative social interactions, providing evidence for sequences of self-regulatory capacities, life experiences, and developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals Effortful control assessed by parental report and laboratory observation and adjustment in early childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Pereira ◽  
Ana Isabel Pereira ◽  
Teresa Marques
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Effortful control is a key aspect of children’s self-regulation showing a remarkable progress in early childhood. This study explored the relationship between effortful control, externalizing and internalizing problems and prosocial behaviour in young children. The sample was composed by 31 Portuguese children, aged between 3 and 6-years-old, and their parents. Effortful control was assessed by behavioural tasks (Tower of Patience, Bead Sorting) and the very short form of the Child Behavior Questionnaire administered to the parents. Internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as prosocial behaviour, were measured through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, answered by the parents. The results show that higher levels of effortful control are related to less externalizing problems and higher levels of prosocial behaviour. No significant associations were found between effortful control and internalizing problems. The mechanisms that may explain the different patterns of associations between effortful control and internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood are discussed.

Internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence: general and dimension-specific effects of familial loadings and preadolescent temperament traits

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ORMEL ◽  
A. J. OLDEHINKEL ◽  
R. F. FERDINAND ◽  
C. A. HARTMAN ◽  
A. F. De WINTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Temperament Traits ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Background. We investigated the links between familial loading, preadolescent temperament, and internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence, hereby distinguishing effects on maladjustment in general versus dimension-specific effects on either internalizing or externalizing problems.Method. In a population-based sample of 2230 preadolescents (10–11 years) familial loading (parental lifetime psychopathology) and offspring temperament were assessed at baseline by parent report, and offspring psychopathology at 2·5-years follow-up by self-report, teacher report and parent report. We used purified measures of temperament and psychopathology and partialled out shared variance between internalizing and externalizing problems.Results. Familial loading of internalizing psychopathology predicted offspring internalizing but not externalizing problems, whereas familial loading of externalizing psychopathology predicted offspring externalizing but not internalizing problems. Both familial loadings were associated with Frustration, low Effortful Control, and Fear. Frustration acted as a general risk factor predicting severity of maladjustment; low Effortful Control and Fear acted as dimension-specific risk factors that predicted a particular type of psychopathology; whereas Shyness, High-Intensity Pleasure, and Affiliation acted as direction markers that steered the conditional probability of internalizing versus externalizing problems, in the event of maladjustment. Temperament traits mediated one-third of the association between familial loading and psychopathology. Findings were robust across different composite measures of psychopathology, and applied to girls as well as boys.Conclusions. With regard to familial loading and temperament, it is important to distinguish general risk factors (Frustration) from dimension-specific risk factors (familial loadings, Effortful Control, Fear), and direction markers that act as pathoplastic factors (Shyness, High-Intensity Pleasure, Affiliation) from both types of risk factors. About one-third of familial loading effects on psychopathology in early adolescence are mediated by temperament.

scholarly journals Role of temperament in early adolescent pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems using a bifactor model: Moderation by parenting and gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1487-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances L. Wang ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Carlos Valiente ◽  
Tracy L. Spinrad
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Emotional Expressivity ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractWe contribute to the literature on the relations of temperament to externalizing and internalizing problems by considering parental emotional expressivity and child gender as moderators of such relations and examining prediction of pure and co-occurring problem behaviors during early to middle adolescence using bifactor models (which provide unique and continuous factors for pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems). Parents and teachers reported on children's (4.5- to 8-year-olds; N = 214) and early adolescents’ (6 years later; N = 168) effortful control, impulsivity, anger, sadness, and problem behaviors. Parental emotional expressivity was measured observationally and with parents’ self-reports. Early-adolescents’ pure externalizing and co-occurring problems shared childhood and/or early-adolescent risk factors of low effortful control, high impulsivity, and high anger. Lower childhood and early-adolescent impulsivity and higher early-adolescent sadness predicted early-adolescents’ pure internalizing. Childhood positive parental emotional expressivity more consistently related to early-adolescents’ lower pure externalizing compared to co-occurring problems and pure internalizing. Lower effortful control predicted changes in externalizing (pure and co-occurring) over 6 years, but only when parental positive expressivity was low. Higher impulsivity predicted co-occurring problems only for boys. Findings highlight the probable complex developmental pathways to adolescent pure and co-occurring externalizing and internalizing problems.

scholarly journals Effortful control as a moderator of the relation between contextual risk factors and growth in adjustment problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana J. Lengua ◽  
Nicole R. Bush ◽  
Anna C. Long ◽  
Erica A. Kovacs ◽  
Anika M. Trancik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Contextual Risk Factors

AbstractEffortful control was examined as a moderator of the relations of three domains of contextual risk factors to growth in internalizing and externalizing problems in a community sample (N = 189) of children (8–12 years at Time 1). Socioeconomic, maternal, and environmental risk factors were examined as predictors of initial levels and growth in children's adjustment problems across 3 years. The effects of the risk factors depended on children's level of effortful control. For children lower in effortful control, socioeconomic risk was related to significantly higher initial levels of internalizing and externalizing problems and decreases over time. However, children lower in effortful control had higher levels of problems at all three time points than children higher in effortful control. Maternal risk was associated with increases in internalizing for children lower in effortful control, and environmental risk was related to increases in internalizing and externalizing problems for children lower in effortful control, but not those higher in effortful control. Children who were lower in effortful control appeared to experience more adverse effects of contextual risk than those higher in effortful control, suggesting that interventions aimed at improving children's effortful control might serve to protect children from increased risk of adjustment problems associated with contextual risk factors.

The trajectories of child’s internalizing and externalizing problems, social competence and adolescent self-reported problems in a Finnish normal population sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Korhonen ◽  
Ilona Luoma ◽  
Raili K. Salmelin ◽  
Mika Helminen ◽  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
High Level ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Group-based modeling techniques are increasingly used in developmental studies to explore the patterns and co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems. Social competence has been found to reciprocally influence internalizing and externalizing problems, but studies on its associations with different patterns of these problems are scarce. Using data from a Finnish longitudinal normal population sample, trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems were formed using the Child Behavior Checklist completed by the mother at the child’s age of 4- to 5-years-old, 8- to 9-years-old, and 16- to 17-years-old ( N = 261). The results indicate that adolescent’s self-reported internalizing and externalizing problems based on the Youth Self Report were associated with the trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems. Social competence both in early childhood and in adolescence was poorer among children with chronic internalizing problems and among those with adolescent-onset externalizing problems. One-third of the children who had a chronically high level of internalizing problems had an initially high but decreasing level of externalizing problems, while 33% of the adolescents with adolescent-onset externalizing problems had a chronically high level of internalizing problems. School psychologists are encouraged to screen for internalizing problems from children with behavioral, academic or social problems.

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