GOD OF METALS: TLATLAUHQUI TEZCATLIPOCA AND THE SACRED SYMBOLISM OF METALLURGY IN MICHOACAN, WEST MEXICO

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Roskamp
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Technology Studies ◽  
West Mexico

AbstractIn recent years the development of metallurgy in West Mexico has received increasing attention in the field of archaeological and technology studies. Considering that the latter already include excellent descriptions and analysis of the ritual and sumptuary functions of metal artifacts, the present article focuses on the sacred symbolism of the metal resources and the metalworking process itself according to several indigenous cosmogonical narratives and other additional pictorial and alphabetical sources from sixteenth-century Michoacan and adjacent cultural areas. The available documentation clearly shows that a crucial role was attributed to the native god Tlatlauhqui Tezcatlipoca.

scholarly journals Giordano Bruno’s geheugenkunst en de jacht op Proteus

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Manuel Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Earth

The present article presents the art of memory of the sixteenth-century philosopherGiordano Bruno by taking into consideration the mythological figure of Proteus.Bruno’s comparison of the metaphysical Monad – aim of his philosophical quest – withProteus sheds a light on the mnemonic practice. Although Bruno is often presented as aherald of modern science, the description of the Monad as Protheus, always subject tonew metamorphoses, and the importance of Ovidius’ Metamorphoses show him ratheras a representative of the Pythagorean tradition. An echo of Ovidius is also indicated inBruno’s Cena de le ceneri showing that the Pythagorean influence is also present in hiscosmological view on the motion of the earth.

Spaces for Music in Sixteenth-Century Paduan Courts

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUIDO BELTRAMINI
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Pietro Bembo ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Hadrian’S Villa ◽  
Hadrian's Villa ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This chapter is dedicated to a particular culture relating to the way one might ideally lead one's life in line with ancient practices and views. The trend in question, which developed in Padua in the first half of the Cinquecento, was promoted by such humanists as Pietro Bembo, Alvise Cornaro and Marco Mantova Benavides. Exceptional connoisseurs of the mores and values of antiquity, these intellectuals personally supervised and directed the building of their homes. Following the model of Hadrian's villa at Tivoli, the complexes of these Paduan residences comprised dwelling areas, pavilions, large gardens and the installation of fountains, statues and rare plants. Inspired by literary sources, the ideal of recreating the ‘ancient’ way of life, in which music played a crucial role, was revived.

Encountering Homer through Greek Plays in Sixteenth-Century Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Tanya Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Literary Texts

Originally received as oral performances, Homer’s epics circulated in sixteenth-century Europe not only as printed literary texts, but also through performances of a different sort. This chapter argues that fifth-century Greek plays on Homeric material played a crucial role in shaping the epics’ early modern reception. In a phrase widely circulated in the sixteenth century, Aeschylus reportedly claimed that all of his tragedies were ‘slices from the great banquets of Homer’. Although Virgil and Ovid were more familiar vehicles for Homeric material, Greek plays made distinctive contributions to perceptions of Troy and its aftermath through their links with performance, and their status as models for dramatic genres. It is proposed that the versions of Homer transmitted through Greek plays had an important role in shaping not only early modern understandings of Homer, but also the development of the early modern popular stage.

Artisans, Guilds, and Capitalist Development in Cairo, 1600–1800

Capitalisms ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 327-348
Author(s):  
Nelly Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The World

Studies of capitalism have often been based on the European or, more often, the nineteenth-century English experience. Its sources were taken to be based on the European experience, the trading companies of the sixteenth century, Protestantism, and so on. From there, it was diffused to the rest of the world. To fully understand capitalism, one had to focus on the European experience and the restrictive definitions that were based on its development in Western Europe. The Eurocentric approach to this subject is now being reconsidered. Studies of regions outside Europe are now showing that the emergence of capitalism was a much more complex and diverse trend, and it could have multiple sources. The present article focuses on one of these sources.

The Importance of Imports

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
Obaku Zen

This chapter explores the cultural identity of Ōbaku Zen, which played a crucial role in the sixteenth century as a vehicle for importing Chinese culture. This was manifested in Manpukuji’s initial trove of material culture associated with the temple’s founder, Ingen Ryūki (Ch. Yinyuan Longqi, 1592–1684). It also touches upon the reception and legacy of Ingen’s material objects to demonstrate how naturalized into Japanese life Ōbaku’s presence became. This greatly affected other sectarian traditions and even diverse aspects of Japanese intellectual and artistic life and popular culture outside the religious sphere from the Tokugawa era up to the present.

Cabeza de Vaca and the Sixteenth-Century Copper Trade in Northern Mexico

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah F. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Casas Grandes ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
West Mexico ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Cabeza De Vaca

Descriptions of Indians in northern Mexico with copper artifacts occur in the sixteenth-century expedition reports of Cabeza de Vaca, Francisco Ibarra, and Father Rodríguez. The phrasing of Cabeza de Vaca's account indicates that both copper bells and plates were excavated from abandoned villages and then traded widely. Statements given in all three journals point to the site of Paquimé, or Casas Grandes, in Chihuahua as the most probable source. Since Casas Grandes was deserted in the sixteenth century, it is suggested that the copper objects found among the Indians in northern Mexico by Cabeza de Vaca, Ibarra, and Rodríguez were looted from Casas Grandes rather than obtained by trade from west Mexico or Mesoamerica.

Trinitarian Monotheism and the Birth of Popular Catholicism: The Case of Sixteenth-Century Mexico

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-204
Author(s):  
Orlando O. EspíN
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Popular Catholicism

Since trinitarian monotheism is absolutely essential to Christianity, its proclamation and acceptance play a crucial role in evangelization. And since all evangelization takes place in and through cultural, linguistic, and historical milieux, trinitarian monotheist evangelization can confront major obstacles that can bring about unexpected results. This article attempts to show that the birth of U.S. Hispanic popular Catholicism is partially the result of inadequate trinitarian monotheist teaching. The author studies the case of early sixteenth-century Mexico as an example of this process.

scholarly journals Simulation and experimental approach for optimal path planning of UAV using A* and MEA* algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Esakki ◽  
Gayatri Marreddy ◽  
M. Sai Ganesh ◽  
E. Elangovan
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Optimal Path Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Over the past decades, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) have been effectively adapted to perform disaster missions, agricultural and various societal applications. The path planning plays a crucial role in bringing autonomy to the UAVs to attain the designated tasks by avoiding collision in the obstacles prone regions. Optimal path planning of UAV is considered to be a challenging issue in real time navigation during obstacle prone environments. The present article focused on implementing a well-known A* and variant of A* namely MEA* algorithm to determine an optimal path in the varied obstacle regions for the UAV applications which is novel. Simulation is performed to investigate the performance of each algorithm with respect to comparing their execution time, total distance travelled and number of turns made to reach the source to target. Further, experimental flight trails are made to examine the performance of these algorithms using a UAV. The desired position, velocity and yaw of UAV is obtained based on the waypoints of optimal path planned data and effective navigation is performed. The simulation and experimental results are compared for confirming the effectiveness of these algorithms.

scholarly journals "A vos el poderoso y muy estimado Rey de la China". Primera embajada Regia de Felipe II con destino a la China de la Dinastía Ming: origen, preparación y abandono = First Embassy of Philip II destined for the Chinese Ming Dinasty: origin, preparation and adandonment

2017 ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Chenguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Philip Ii

<p>El presente artículo analiza un acontecimiento significativo pero poco conocido: la primera embajada que Felipe II envió a China. Através de las fuentes relativas a esta expedición, podemos contemplar cómo funcionaba la administración de la Castilla del siglo XVI en lo que concierne a los asuntos diplomáticos. Además, cabe<br />prestar especial atención a la carta escrita por Felipe II y dirigida al emperador de China. Con ella, no solo podemos ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre el monarca hispano en relación con sus perspectivas sínicas, sino que también nos permite observar las estrategias y los métodos adoptados para crear contactos con aquel imperio.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The present article analyzes a profound significance but rarely known historical event: The first diplomatic mission of the Emperor Philip II sending to China.<br />We can approach and understand the decision-making mechanism of the Spanish government to complete such diplomatic missions in sixteenth century. In addition, Philip II once wrote to the Chinese emperor one letter, through which we can not only know the Spanish monarch´s familiarity and relevant knowledge of China, but also can observe the methods and tactics that Philip II used in his attempt to establish diplomatic<br />relations with that Empire.</p>

scholarly journals O Brasil nas Obras de Pero Gândavo e Richard Hakluyt

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Bianca Batista ◽  
Luiz Montez
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
New World ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Richard Hakluyt

This study’s aim is to analyze the discursive construction of Brazil in the chronicle of Pero Gândavo, História da Província Santa Cruz que Vulgarmente Chamamos Brasil (1576) and in the travel collection of Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Trafqques of the English Nation (1589-1600). Printed books played a crucial role during the sixteenth century once the editors built a history of the new-found lands in accordance with their reigns’ economic and ideological interests. For Gândavo, the chronicle assured the Portuguese possession over Brazil whereas for Richard Hakluyt, the travel collection denied Iberians’ kings sovereignty over the New World and extolled the English maritime enterprise in the Americas, especially in the lands not effectively colonized by the Iberians. We suggest that the printed book was a stage in which the European countries struggled for the riches of Americas.

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