In Small Things Forgotten: The Georgian World View, Material Culture and the Consumer Revolution

Rural History ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
New World ◽  
World View ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Things ◽  
Medieval Archaeology

The publication of The Art and Mystery of Historical Archaeology, a festschrift in honour of James Deetz, makes a useful starting point for assessing the remarkable development of American historical archaeology over the last four decades. The discipline of ‘historical archaeology’ is the New World equivalent of British post-medieval archaeology. It is the study of the material culture of colonial and industrial America. Unlike its highly marginalised British counterpart, the discipline has seen an enormous growth in America over the last two decades, reflected in the creation of numerous posts both in universities and public-sector archaeology. This article seeks firstly to discuss some of the main contributions to the festchrift and areas of promise for future research. Secondly it will assess the relevance of some recent contributions on the history of consumption to Deetz's concept of the ‘Georgian world view’ and the notion of radical change in eighteenth-century material culture.

The Ceramics and Chronology of Cholula, Mexico

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey G. McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New World ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Early Postclassic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Middle Formative

AbstractChronology is a fundamental prerequisite for problem-oriented, anthropologically relevant archaeology. It is also the shaky foundation that has hampered attempts to reconstruct the culture history of Cholula, Mexico. Cholula is among the oldest continuously occupied urban centers of the New World, yet it remains one of the most enigmatic. This paper evaluates previous cultural sequences for the site, and summarizes recent evidence to construct a chronology using absolute dates and ceramic assemblages from primary depositional contexts. This revised sequence features a clearer understanding of Middle Formative settlement and the definition of ritual and domestic contexts from the Classic period. In addition, there is now evidence for a gradual transition between Late Classic and Early Postclassic material culture; and for the evolution of the Postclassic polychrome tradition within a sequence of short, clearly defined phases.

Dignity

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Locus Classicus

The concept of dignity typically brings to mind an idea of moral status that supposedly belongs to all humans equally, and which serves as the basis of human rights. But this moralized meaning of dignity is historically very young. Until the mid-nineteenth century, dignity suggested an idea about merit: it connoted elevated social rank, of the sort that marked nobility or ecclesiastic preferment. What explains this radical change in meaning? And before this change, did anything like the moralized concept of dignity exist, that is, before it was named by the term “dignity”? If so, exactly how old is the moralized concept of dignity? In this volume, leading scholars across a range of disciplines attempt to answer these questions by clarifying the presently murky history of “dignity,” from classical Greek thought through the Middle Ages and Enlightenment to the present day. In the process, four platitudes about the history of human dignity are undermined: (1) the Roman notion of dignitas is not the ancient starting point of our modern moralized notion; (2) neither the medieval Christian doctrine of imago Dei nor the renaissance speech of Pico della Mirandola, Oration on the Dignity of Man, was a genuine locus classicus of dignity discussion; (3) Immanuel Kant is not the early modern proprietor of the concept; (4) the universalization of the concept of dignity in the postmodern world (ca. 1800–present) is not the result of its constitutional indoctrination by the “wise forefathers” of liberal states like America or France.

Benedict XIV’s donation of Amazonian objects to the Istituto delle Scienze of Bologna (1751) Origins and history

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Tacconi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
New World ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Jesuit Missions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jesuit Missionary ◽  
The City

Abstract In 1751 Pope Benedict XIV made a donation of Amazonian objects to the Istituto delle Scienze in Bologna, a scientific academy located in the city of his birth. This article reconstructs the history of this group of objects back to its origins in the Jesuit missions of the upper Amazon basin, by presenting and examining new documentary evidence. The encounter between a Jesuit missionary and Pope Benedict XIV is analysed in the context of the early modern reception of the New World and its peoples in Catholic Europe. Finally, an overview is presented of the items in this collection, which represent some of the scarcest and oldest known examples of native material culture from the region.

Differences Between Suicide Victims Who Leave Notes and Those Who Do Not

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Paraschakis ◽  
Ioannis Michopoulos ◽  
Athanassios Douzenis ◽  
Christos Christodoulou ◽  
Filippos Koutsaftis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Residential Status ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Suicide Note ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

Background: Whether differences exist between those who do leave a suicide note and those who do not has not yet been comprehensively answered. Leaving a suicide note is not a random phenomenon: A minority, varying between 3–42%, of all suicide victims leave a note. Aims: To compare the group of suicide victims who leave notes with the ones who do not, using data from the Athens Department of Forensic Medicine, the largest in Greece. Methods: We examined sex, age, nationality, religious beliefs, marital and residential status, history of prior psychiatric disorder and psychiatric attempt(s), suicide method, physical disease, recent hospitalization, and existence of suicide notes. We completed psychological autopsy questionnaires after phone interviews with relatives of the suicide victims of a 2-year period (November 2007–October 2009). Results: Note writers, 26.1% of our sample, differed in the following: they died by hanging or shooting (p = .007), had no history of psychiatric illness (p < .001) or recent (i.e., within 12 months of the suicide) psychiatric hospitalization (p = .005). Conclusions: Our study showed that there are indeed differences between suicide victims who leave a note and those who do not. We also suggest some explanations for these differences, which could represent a valuable starting point for future research on this topic.

„Humor macht kein kranckheit“

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (25) ◽  
pp. 1820-1825
Author(s):  
Christian Hick
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
New World ◽  
World View ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Science ◽  
Humoral Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Landmark Study

AbstractParacelsus was an adventurer in more than one way. We retrace the little that is known about his life and then focus on his adventures in the history of ideas, namely the scientific revolution he brought about for humoral pathology. Following the landmark study of Pagel (1982) we identify two of his conceptions of disease: diseases as fruits and diseases as minerals, discovered by a new science, a “scientia separationis”. Paracelsus did not merely polemize against humoral pathology, but offered a new world view, a new paradigm, so that his endeavor can be characterized with Kuhn (1962) as a scientific revolution.

scholarly journals RURAL SITES IN PAMPHYLIA: A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE AVAILABLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (60) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rural Sites

Located in the Antalya plain and the immediate northern part of this plain, Pamphylia was home to well-known ancient Anatolian cities Aspendos, Perge, Side and Sillyon. It can be claimed that these cities have been relatively well-researched archaeological settlements through archaeological excavations and surveys. Although the mentioned cities are archaeologically important elements of Pamphylia, the region also harbours numerous rural settlements and findspots. Especially, the cultural heritage registration activities in recent years have clearly revealed the dense human occupation and certain settlement trends in the region. Moreover, rescue excavations and individual findspots have revealed that the pre-Roman period of the region’s countryside can be dated back to at least the fifth century BCE. On the other hand, archaeological research in the region mainly focuses on the major cities and their material culture. With some exceptions such as Lyrboton Kome, the number of studies on the region’s countryside is much less compared to those of urban-focused ones. In addition, there is relatively little interest in regional-scale research that holistically deals with the rural settlements of the region. Based on these arguments, in this study, the current state of the countryside of Pamphylia will be evaluated in the light of current research and available evidence. Thus, this work also aims to establish a baseline study and starting point for future research on Pamphylia’s lesser-known countryside. Keywords: Pamphylia, Ancient Anatolian Countryside, Archaeology of Antalya, Mediterranean

From Imperium to Imperialism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
New World ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Recent Developments

This chapter reviews the traditional understandings of the Roman Empire and reflects on how recent developments in the study of imperialism more generally could influence the future of Roman studies. It explores problems with the orthodox paradigm of Romanization and highlights the need for alternative interpretative frameworks. It presents a case for applying the concept of creolization to the Roman Empire, despite its connotations primarily with the New World and slave society. Creole language and creole material culture are built up by the integration of the language and traditions of the underclass with elements of language and culture of the dominant colonial society, resulting in a “highly ambiguous material culture, in the sense that it is imbued with different meanings in different contexts.” In principle, these approaches adopted in North American historical archaeology to understand the material culture and social behavior of the slaves and underprivileged classes can also be applied to the archaeological record of the Roman world.

Factors in the Development of Modern Biblical Study

1933 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wayne Riddle
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
World View ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Biblical Study ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
New Testament Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Biblical Interpretation ◽  
The Impact

The impression which is likely to be derived from the reading of a history of biblical interpretation is that modern criticism is a goal which has been attained by an evolution in which the curve of progress is fairly steady and constant. There seems to be a tacit assumption that such adjectives as “modern,” “critical,” and “scientific” as applied to biblical studies are synonymous and equally deserved. The occasional appearance of a critical judgment in the work of ancient worthies is regarded as an “anticipation” of modern views. In most histories of interpretation the beginnings of modern criticism are found in the Renaissance and the Reformation, so that Luther and Calvin are regarded as biblical scholars; the importance of New Testament studies in the work of Erasmus is exaggerated, and processes of scientific criticism are pictured as in effect before the impact of discovery brought a new world-view into being.

Archaeology of the Métis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisha Supernant
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Broad Understanding

This article reviews the history of Métis archaeological research in Canada. The Métis of Canada arose as a distinct Indigenous identity in the postcontact period and provide an interesting archaeological case study to explore how and why new cultures emerge. Previous research attempted to correlate patterns in material culture with Métis identity, particularly in terms of economy, use of space, and certain artifact types. New research has the potential to take a more nuanced approach to the process of identification among the Métis, to contribute to a broad understanding of ethnogenesis, and to do research that is relevant to the contemporary Métis community, as well as the discipline of historical archaeology.

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