The aging lung

Over a lifetime, the human lung is exposed to a multitude of factors capable of altering its structure and function. The frequency of acute, self-limiting lung disease, exposure to environmental pollutants and previous tobacco consumption in elderly people makes it difficult to identify pulmonary changes that can be attributed to ‘normal aging’ alone. It is likely that all these factors may have some influence on both lung structure and function.

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Effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned media on measures of lung structure and function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-020-01900-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alvaro Moreira ◽

Rija Naqvi ◽

Kristen Hall ◽

Chimobi Emukah ◽

John Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Animal Models ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽

Stromal Cell ◽

Human Lung ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Lung Structure ◽

And Function

Abstract Background Lung disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A breach in the lung alveolar-epithelial barrier and impairment in lung function are hallmarks of acute and chronic pulmonary illness. This review is part two of our previous work. In part 1, we demonstrated that CdM is as effective as MSCs in modulating inflammation. Herein, we investigated the effects of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-conditioned media (CdM) on (i) lung architecture/function in animal models mimicking human lung disease, and (ii) performed a head-to-head comparison of CdM to MSCs. Methods Adhering to the animal Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation protocol, we conducted a search of English articles in five medical databases. Two independent investigators collected information regarding lung: alveolarization, vasculogenesis, permeability, histologic injury, compliance, and measures of right ventricular hypertrophy and right pulmonary pressure. Meta-analysis was performed to generate random effect size using standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 29 studies met inclusion. Lung diseases included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. CdM improved all measures of lung structure and function. Moreover, no statistical difference was observed in any of the lung measures between MSCs and CdM. Conclusions In this meta-analysis of animal models recapitulating human lung disease, CdM improved lung structure and function and had an effect size comparable to MSCs.

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Chapter 3 The Fibroblast of Human Lung Alveolar Structures: A Differentiated Cell with a Major Role in Lung Structure and Function

Methods in Cell Biology ◽

10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60757-8 ◽

1980 ◽

pp. 37-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Kathryn H. Bradley ◽

Oichi Kawanami ◽

Victor J. Ferrans ◽

Ronald G. Crystal

Keyword(s):

Human Lung ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Lung Structure ◽

And Function

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Lung ultrasound presentation of COVID-19 patients: phenotypes and correlations

Internal and Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1007/s11739-020-02620-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gianmarco Secco ◽

◽

Marzia Delorenzo ◽

Francesco Salinaro ◽

Caterina Zattera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Lung Ultrasound ◽

Structure And Function ◽

General Ward ◽

Prognostic Role ◽

Interstitial Syndrome ◽

Lung Structure ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship

AbstractBedside lung ultrasound (LUS) can play a role in the setting of the SarsCoV2 pneumonia pandemic. To evaluate the clinical and LUS features of COVID-19 in the ED and their potential prognostic role, a cohort of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients underwent LUS upon admission in the ED. LUS score was derived from 12 fields. A prevalent LUS pattern was assigned depending on the presence of interstitial syndrome only (Interstitial Pattern), or evidence of subpleural consolidations in at least two fields (Consolidation Pattern). The endpoint was 30-day mortality. The relationship between hemogasanalysis parameters and LUS score was also evaluated. Out of 312 patients, only 36 (11.5%) did not present lung involvment, as defined by LUS score < 1. The majority of patients were admitted either in a general ward (53.8%) or in intensive care unit (9.6%), whereas 106 patients (33.9%) were discharged from the ED. In-hospital mortality was 25.3%, and 30-day survival was 67.6%. A LUS score > 13 had a 77.2% sensitivity and a 71.5% specificity (AUC 0.814; p < 0.001) in predicting mortality. LUS alterations were more frequent (64%) in the posterior lower fields. LUS score was related with P/F (R2 0.68; p < 0.0001) and P/F at FiO2 = 21% (R2 0.59; p < 0.0001). The correlation between LUS score and P/F was not influenced by the prevalent ultrasound pattern. LUS represents an effective tool in both defining diagnosis and stratifying prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. The correlation between LUS and hemogasanalysis parameters underscores its role in evaluating lung structure and function.

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Lung Structure And Function Relation In Elastase-Treated Rats: A Long-Term Follow Up Study

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6405 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Margit V. Szabari ◽

Jozsef Tolnai ◽

Balazs Maar ◽

Harikrishnan Parameswaran ◽

Elizabeth Bartolak-Suki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Lung Structure ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

And Function ◽

Function Relation

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Hyperinsulinemia adversely affects lung structure and function

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00091.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 310 (9) ◽

pp. L837-L845 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Suchita Singh ◽

Manish Bodas ◽

Naveen K. Bhatraju ◽

Bijay Pattnaik ◽

Atish Gheware ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Treatment ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Intranasal Insulin ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Inhaled Insulin ◽

Lung Structure ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

And Function

There is limited knowledge regarding the consequences of hyperinsulinemia on the lung. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and epidemiological associations with asthma, this is a critical lacuna, more so with inhaled insulin on the horizon. Here, we demonstrate that insulin can adversely affect respiratory health. Insulin treatment (1 μg/ml) significantly ( P < 0.05) increased the proliferation of primary human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and induced collagen release. Additionally, ASM cells showed a significant increase in calcium response and mitochondrial respiration upon insulin exposure. Mice administered intranasal insulin showed increased collagen deposition in the lungs as well as a significant increase in airway hyperresponsiveness. PI3K/Akt mediated activation of β-catenin, a positive regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis, was observed in the lungs of insulin-treated mice and lung cells. Our data suggests that hyperinsulinemia may have adverse effects on airway structure and function. Insulin-induced activation of β-catenin in lung tissue and the contractile effects on ASM cells may be causally related to the development of asthma-like phenotype.

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