scholarly journals The effects of human disturbance on Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus behaviour and breeding success

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yorio ◽  
P. Dee Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Patagonian Coast

SummaryMagellanic Penguins Spheniscus magellanicus along the Patagonian coast, Argentina, are increasingly exposed to human activities, especially to a growing tourist industry. We quantified the effects of human visitation and disturbance on the behaviour and breeding of Magellanic Penguins. Nesting penguins differed in their response to human approach, allowing a significantly closer approach before responding with threat and defensive displays in the tourist area than in areas rarely visited by people. When approached during incubation, no penguins abandoned their nest. Breeding success and fledgling weights were similar in the tourist area and non-tourist areas. Magellanic Penguins appear to be tolerant of human visitation, and penguins breeding in the tourist area become accustomed to people walking among their nests. We suggest visitation may be compatible with penguin reproduction if visits are controlled.El Pingüino de Magallanes Spheniscus magellanicus de las costas patagónicas de la Argentina, esta expuesto a las crecientes actividades humanas, especialmente el aumento de la demanda turistica. Se han cuantificado los efectos de las visitas y molestias del hombre en el comportamiento y reproducción de la especie. Los pingüinos mostraron diferencias en su respuesta frent a la proximidad humana, permitiendo un acercamiento signifi-cativamente mayor antes de responder con actitudes defensivas en áreas frecuentadas por los turistas en comparicion con aquellas rara vez visitadas. La proximidad humana durante la época de incubación no supuso en ninguna ocasión el abandono de nidos. El éxito reproductive y los pesos de los jóvenes al abandonar el nido resultaron similares en a l zona turística y en la menos frecuentada. El Pingüino de Magallanes parece tolerar la presencia del hombre, y aquellos que nidifican en el área turistica se habitúan a los visitantes que caminan entre sus nidos. Sugerimos que las visitas pueden ser compatibles con la reproducción de la especie siempre y cuando las mismas estén controladas.

scholarly journals Status and conservation of seabirds breeding in Argentina

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yorio ◽  
Esteban Frere ◽  
Patricia Gandini ◽  
William Conway
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Patagonian Coast ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

SummaryWe present information on the current population status of seabirds that breed along the Patagonian coast obtained between 1993 and 1995. A total of 16 species, including two penguins, one petrel, five cormorants, three gulls, three terns and two skuas, breed along the 3,400-km coast from southern Buenos Aires (38°58'S) to Tierra del Fuego (54°50'S). Breeding seabirds are not as abundant in coastal Argentina as was previously thought. Eleven of the 16 species have less than 5,000 pairs. The most abundant seabird is the Magellanic PenguinSpheniscus magellanicuswith 964,000 pairs, an order of magnitude higher than all other species. As well as Magellanic Penguins, Kelp GullsLarus dominicanus, and Imperial CormorantsPhalacrocorax atricepsare relatively abundant and have a wide distribution. Other seabirds, such as Red-legged Cormorants P.gaimardi, Olrog's GullsL. atlanticus, and Dolphin Gulls L.scoresbii, have a highly restricted distribution or nest in small colonies at a few sites in Argentina. The Patagonian coast is one of the most pristine coastal ecosystems in the world and, thus far, few seabirds are seriously threatened. However, oil pollution and commercial fisheries are having a negative impact on some seabirds and some colonies have shown recent declines. Current threats and impacts, including pollution, fisheries, human disturbance, guano harvesting, and introduction of alien species are discussed. There are currently 34 protected coastal areas, although in many cases protection measures are not adequately enforced and some areas with high seabird diversity and abundance still lack legal and effective protection. Conservation actions and requirements, including direct actions, monitoring and research are suggested.

scholarly journals Blood parameters and measurements of weight in the rehabilitation of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus, Foster 1781)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Martins ◽  
R.P. Silva Filho ◽  
M.O. Xavier ◽  
M.C.A. Meireles ◽  
R.B. Robaldo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

During the austral winter the appearance of the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is common on the southern coast of Brazil. The oil pollution constitutes a major cause of death of these birds. The monitoring of the weight and blood variables is important to make decisions during the rehabilitation and release of these animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the penguins' survival during rehabilitation and the values of hematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (TPP) and body weight (BW) of the birds received at Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (Recovery Centre for Sea Animals) between 2006 and 2009. The analysis took place weekly, and penguins were classified according to the outcome of the rehabilitation process, when 101 specimens were rehabilitated and released, and 67 died. Released animals showed a decrease in the Hct in the second and third weeks (41±6% and 40±5% respectively) followed by recovery of the values in the fourth and fifth week (41±4% and 43±4% respectively). TPP levels increased steadily over the collections, stabilizing at 7.3±0.8g/dL in the fourth week. On the other hand, animals that died, although following the same response for TPP, showed no significant difference in Hct between collections, and showed a tendency for loss of BW in the last weeks of rehabilitation. The curves of BW and Hct during rehabilitation were considered a potential prognostic indicator of penguins in rehabilitation. Animals that arrived at the recovery centre with BW, Hct and TPP above 2.700g, 45% and 5.6 g / dL, respectively, have a greater chance of recovery, making these parameters crucial points in decision making regarding the treatment to be conducted during rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Habitat use and Breeding Distribution of Magellanic Penguins in Northern San Jorge Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo García Borboroglu ◽  
Pablo Yorio ◽  
P. Dee Boersma ◽  
Héctor Del Valle ◽  
Marcelo Bertellotti
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Shrub Steppe ◽  
Mean Size

Abstract We evaluated distribution and size of Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) colonies in northern San Jorge Gulf, Argentina, characterizing nesting habitat at 14 islands with colonies (IC) and 28 islands without nesting penguins (INC). Digital analysis of a Landsat TM satellite image and field measurements were used to assess vegetation and substrate. The 14 breeding colonies ranged in size from 13 to 96,300 nests, and number of breeding pairs was estimated at 218,460. Colonies were only located on islands. Digital analysis of the satellite image showed that the proportion of area with shrub–steppe vegetation was significantly higher at IC than at INC (38.6 vs. 4.9%), whereas percentage of rocky substrate was lower at IC (33.6 vs. 64.8%). Percentage of vegetation cover was positively correlated with island area and with number of breeding pairs. Most nests (98.6%) were located under bushes, whereas the rest were burrows dug into the substrate. Mean size of bushes used for nesting was higher at IC (4.47 vs. 0.99 m2) as was the percentage of silt–clay substrate (47.31 vs. 1.98%). Coast minimum slopes at INC were steeper than the slopes of entrance routes at IC (27.6 vs. 5.7°). Probability of occupation of islands increased with amount of shrub-type vegetation cover and silt–clay substrate, and decreased with increasing slopes and amount of sandy substrate. Magellanic Penguins selected islands with shrub-type vegetation and soil that allow building nests with adequate cover. These results are consistent with other studies showing vegetation cover is an important nesting requirement for Magellanic Penguins.

scholarly journals Status and conservation of Magellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusin Patagonia, Argentina

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gandini ◽  
Esteban Frere ◽  
P. Dee Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus

SummaryThere are 36 breeding colonies of Magellanic PenguinsSpheniscus magellanicusalong the coast of mainland Argentina. During the breeding period we counted the number of active nests and estimated the breeding population was approximately 652,000 pairs. Development of coastal areas is diminishing the quality of Magellanic Penguin breeding habitat and reducing penguin reproductive success. Adult mortality rates are increasing because of human activities. Maritime petroleum traffic and petroleum operations are known to cause mortality. Fishing activities cause incidental mortality and may negatively affect penguin foraging and reproductive success. In some areas, offal is increasing gull populations with a corresponding increase in predation on penguin eggs and chicks, thereby lowering reproductive success. These sources of mortality are relatively recent and are human caused. We found three areas where human activities are of particular concern: Península Valdés, Golfo San Jorge and Estrecho de Magallanes. Human impacts on Magellanic Penguin populations could be reduced, benefiting the tourist industry where yearly tens of thousands of people come to the provinces of Chubut and Santa Cruz to visit penguin colonies.Existen 36 colonias de pingüino de MagallanesSpheniscus magellanicusa lo largo de la costa Argentina. La población reproductiva se estimó en 652,000 parejas realizando un conteo de nidos activos durante la estación reproductiva. El desarrollo de las áreas costeras está reduciendo la calidad del hábitat de reproducción y el éxito reproductivo del pingüino de Magallanes. El tráfico de petróleo y las actividades relacionadas son conocidas causas de mortalidad. Las actividades pesqueras están causando mortalidad incidental y pueden estar afectando negativamente el éxito de alimentatión y reproductivo. En algunas áreas la basura está contribuyendo al aumento de la población de gaviotas, incrementándose la predación sobre huevos y pichones de pingüino reduciendo su éxito reproductivo. Estas fuentes de mortalidad son relativamente recientes y provocadas por el hombre. Hemos detectado tres áreas donde la mortalidad relacionada con actividades humanas es preocupante: Península Valdés, Golfo San Jorge y Estrecho de Magallanes. El impacto humano sobre la población de pingüino de Magallanes podría reducirse y beneficiar la industria turística de las provincias de Chubut y Santa Cruz, donde anualmente decenas de miles de personas visitan las colonias reproductivas del pingüino.

scholarly journals Mortality of a juvenile Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus, Spheniscidae) associated with the ingestion of a PFF-2 protective mask during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 112232
Author(s):  
Hugo Gallo Neto ◽  
Carla Gomes Bantel ◽  
John Browning ◽  
Natalia Della Fina ◽  
Tami Albuquerque Ballabio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Protective Mask

Fine-scale body and head movements allow to determine prey capture events in the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monserrat Del Caño ◽  
Flavio Quintana ◽  
Ken Yoda ◽  
Giacomo Dell’Omo ◽  
Gabriela S. Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus

Human influences on breeding of south polar skuas in the eastern Larsemann Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (180) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
F.I. Norman ◽  
J.S. Burgess ◽  
S.J. Ward ◽  
A.P. Spate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Larsemann Hills ◽  
Catharacta Maccormicki ◽  
Area Development ◽  
South Polar ◽  
Made In ◽  
Area Data

AbstractBreeding activity of pairs of south polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) in the eastern Larsemann Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, was recorded in five of six austral summers between 1988 and 1994. More detailed observations of breeding success were made in the 1989/90 and 1993/94 summers. Although relatively few skuas nest in the study area, data suggest that there was inter-annual variation in numbers and locations of territories and chicks fledged. This variation is discussed in relation to increased human activities in the area (development of a summer base and more permanent stations) and to an enhanced access to human-derived foods. It is concluded that there has been some human impact on this species in the Larsemann Hills.

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