scholarly journals Status and conservation of seabirds breeding in Argentina

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yorio ◽  
Esteban Frere ◽  
Patricia Gandini ◽  
William Conway
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Patagonian Coast ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

SummaryWe present information on the current population status of seabirds that breed along the Patagonian coast obtained between 1993 and 1995. A total of 16 species, including two penguins, one petrel, five cormorants, three gulls, three terns and two skuas, breed along the 3,400-km coast from southern Buenos Aires (38°58'S) to Tierra del Fuego (54°50'S). Breeding seabirds are not as abundant in coastal Argentina as was previously thought. Eleven of the 16 species have less than 5,000 pairs. The most abundant seabird is the Magellanic PenguinSpheniscus magellanicuswith 964,000 pairs, an order of magnitude higher than all other species. As well as Magellanic Penguins, Kelp GullsLarus dominicanus, and Imperial CormorantsPhalacrocorax atricepsare relatively abundant and have a wide distribution. Other seabirds, such as Red-legged Cormorants P.gaimardi, Olrog's GullsL. atlanticus, and Dolphin Gulls L.scoresbii, have a highly restricted distribution or nest in small colonies at a few sites in Argentina. The Patagonian coast is one of the most pristine coastal ecosystems in the world and, thus far, few seabirds are seriously threatened. However, oil pollution and commercial fisheries are having a negative impact on some seabirds and some colonies have shown recent declines. Current threats and impacts, including pollution, fisheries, human disturbance, guano harvesting, and introduction of alien species are discussed. There are currently 34 protected coastal areas, although in many cases protection measures are not adequately enforced and some areas with high seabird diversity and abundance still lack legal and effective protection. Conservation actions and requirements, including direct actions, monitoring and research are suggested.

scholarly journals Blood parameters and measurements of weight in the rehabilitation of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus, Foster 1781)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Martins ◽  
R.P. Silva Filho ◽  
M.O. Xavier ◽  
M.C.A. Meireles ◽  
R.B. Robaldo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

During the austral winter the appearance of the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is common on the southern coast of Brazil. The oil pollution constitutes a major cause of death of these birds. The monitoring of the weight and blood variables is important to make decisions during the rehabilitation and release of these animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the penguins' survival during rehabilitation and the values of hematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (TPP) and body weight (BW) of the birds received at Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (Recovery Centre for Sea Animals) between 2006 and 2009. The analysis took place weekly, and penguins were classified according to the outcome of the rehabilitation process, when 101 specimens were rehabilitated and released, and 67 died. Released animals showed a decrease in the Hct in the second and third weeks (41±6% and 40±5% respectively) followed by recovery of the values in the fourth and fifth week (41±4% and 43±4% respectively). TPP levels increased steadily over the collections, stabilizing at 7.3±0.8g/dL in the fourth week. On the other hand, animals that died, although following the same response for TPP, showed no significant difference in Hct between collections, and showed a tendency for loss of BW in the last weeks of rehabilitation. The curves of BW and Hct during rehabilitation were considered a potential prognostic indicator of penguins in rehabilitation. Animals that arrived at the recovery centre with BW, Hct and TPP above 2.700g, 45% and 5.6 g / dL, respectively, have a greater chance of recovery, making these parameters crucial points in decision making regarding the treatment to be conducted during rehabilitation.

scholarly journals The effects of human disturbance on Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus behaviour and breeding success

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yorio ◽  
P. Dee Boersma
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Patagonian Coast

SummaryMagellanic Penguins Spheniscus magellanicus along the Patagonian coast, Argentina, are increasingly exposed to human activities, especially to a growing tourist industry. We quantified the effects of human visitation and disturbance on the behaviour and breeding of Magellanic Penguins. Nesting penguins differed in their response to human approach, allowing a significantly closer approach before responding with threat and defensive displays in the tourist area than in areas rarely visited by people. When approached during incubation, no penguins abandoned their nest. Breeding success and fledgling weights were similar in the tourist area and non-tourist areas. Magellanic Penguins appear to be tolerant of human visitation, and penguins breeding in the tourist area become accustomed to people walking among their nests. We suggest visitation may be compatible with penguin reproduction if visits are controlled.El Pingüino de Magallanes Spheniscus magellanicus de las costas patagónicas de la Argentina, esta expuesto a las crecientes actividades humanas, especialmente el aumento de la demanda turistica. Se han cuantificado los efectos de las visitas y molestias del hombre en el comportamiento y reproducción de la especie. Los pingüinos mostraron diferencias en su respuesta frent a la proximidad humana, permitiendo un acercamiento signifi-cativamente mayor antes de responder con actitudes defensivas en áreas frecuentadas por los turistas en comparicion con aquellas rara vez visitadas. La proximidad humana durante la época de incubación no supuso en ninguna ocasión el abandono de nidos. El éxito reproductive y los pesos de los jóvenes al abandonar el nido resultaron similares en a l zona turística y en la menos frecuentada. El Pingüino de Magallanes parece tolerar la presencia del hombre, y aquellos que nidifican en el área turistica se habitúan a los visitantes que caminan entre sus nidos. Sugerimos que las visitas pueden ser compatibles con la reproducción de la especie siempre y cuando las mismas estén controladas.

scholarly journals Natural and Anthropogenic Variation of Stand Structure and Aboveground Biomass in Niger Delta Mangrove Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuebuka J. Nwobi ◽  
Mathew Williams
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nipa Palm

Mangrove forests are important coastal wetlands because of the ecosystem services they provide especially their carbon potential. Mangrove forests productivity in the Niger Delta are poorly quantified and at risk of loss from oil pollution, deforestation, and invasive species. Here, we report the most extensive stem girth survey yet of mangrove plots for stand and canopy structure in the Niger Delta, across tidal and disturbance gradients. We established twenty-five geo-referenced 0.25-ha plots across two estuarine basins. We estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) from established allometric equations based on stem surveys. Leaf area index (LAI) was recorded using hemispherical photos. We estimated a mean AGB of 83.7 Mg ha–1 with an order of magnitude range, from 11 to 241 Mg ha–1. We found significantly higher plot biomass in close proximity to a protected site and tidal channels, and the lowest in the sites where urbanization and wood exploitation was actively taking place. The mean LAI was 1.45 and ranged fivefold from 0.46 to 2.41 and there was a significant positive correlation between AGB and LAI (R2 = 0.31). We divided the plots into two disturbance regimes and three nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) invasion levels. Lower stem diameter (5–15 cm) accounted for 70% of the total biomass in disturbed plots, while undisturbed regimes had a more even (∼25%) contribution of different diameter at breast height (DBH) size classes to AGB. Nipa palm invasion also showed a significant link to larger variations in LAI and the proportion of basal area removed from plots. We conclude that mangrove forest degradation and exploitation is removing larger stems (>15 cm DBH), preferentially from these mangroves forests and creates an avenue for nipa palm colonization. This research identifies opportunities to manage the utilization of mangrove resources and reduce any negative impact. Our data can be used with remote sensing to estimate biomass in the Niger Delta and the inclusion of soil, leaf properties and demographic rates can analyze mangrove-nipa competition in the region.

scholarly journals Analysis of hematologic and serum chemistry values of Spheniscus magellanicus with molecular detection of avian malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1236-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina D.E. Campos ◽  
Jeferson R. Pires ◽  
Cristiane L. Nascimento ◽  
Gustavo Dutra ◽  
Rodolpho A. Torres-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
Significant Difference

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) routinely migrate from their breeding colonies to Southern Brazil often contracting diseases during this migration, notably avian malaria, which has been already reported in Brazil and throughout the world. Detection of Plasmodium spp. in blood smears is the routine diagnostic method of avian malaria, however it has a low sensitivity rate when compared to molecular methods. Considering the negative impact of avian malaria on penguins, the aim of this study was to detect the presence of Plasmodium spp. in Magellanic penguins using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and by verifying clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations in blood samples as well as to verify the likely prognosis in response to infection. Blood samples were obtained from 75 penguins to determine packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels. Whole blood samples were used for PCR assays. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 32.0% of the specimens using PCR and in 29.3% using microscopic analyses. Anorexia, diarrhea and neurological disorders were more frequent in penguins with malaria and a significant weight difference between infected and non-infected penguins was detected. PCV and MCV rates showed no significant difference. RBC and WBC counts were lower in animals with avian malaria and leukopenia was present in some penguins. Basophil and lymphocyte counts were lower in infected penguins along with high monocyte counts. There was no significant difference in AST activities between infected and non-infected animals. There was a significant increase in uric acid values, however a decrease in albumin values was observed in infected penguins. Based on this study, we concluded that Plasmodium spp. occurs in Magellanic penguins of rehabilitation centers in Southeastern Brazil, compromising the weight of infected animals with clinical alterations appearing in severe cases of this disease. It was also noted that, although the hematological abnormalities presented by these animals may not have been conclusive, leukopenia, monocytosis and the decrease of basophils and lymphocytes revealed an unfavorable prognosis, and Plasmodium spp. infections may progress with elevated uric acid concentration and low albumin levels.

Temporal soundscape dynamics in a Magellanic penguin colony in Tierra del Fuego

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 4002-4002
Author(s):  
Dante Francomano ◽  
Ben Gottesman ◽  
Taylor Broadhead ◽  
Bryan C. Pijanowski
Keyword(s):  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Penguin Colony

ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF PROCESSING MERCURY-CONTAINING WASTE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
V. Kul'neva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
And Storage

The environmental impact of the LLC «EVO» company in Voronezh was assessed and the process of processing mercury-containing waste was analyzed. The characteristics of storage devices for storage and storage of industrial waste are considered. Comprehensive environmental protection measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of mercury-containing wastes that emit mercury vapor on air and water are proposed.

scholarly journals Industrial heritage along Belgrade waterfront in planning documents

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Marko Nikolić ◽  
Milena Vukmirović
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
City Development ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Architectural Characteristics

The City of Belgrade is situated at the confluence of the Sava and Danube. Accordingly, this geographical position has strongly shaped Belgrade's strategic and geopolitical significance, as well as its identity. In the last two decades, the development of several mega-projects in the area of Belgrade waterfront has had a negative impact on the cultural heritage of Belgrade and its historical cityscape, affecting its urban morphology and typology. The reason for this is that urban regeneration is most often driven by economic interests, while the preservation of meaning and the memory of a place are neglected. Along with these processes, several civic initiatives have emerged that aim to prevent damage to the built heritage and to indicate the need for stronger involvement of citizens in the city's planning and development processes. In order to discontinue the tendency of being driven by economic interest and demonstrate a will to achieve further sustainable development, it is necessary to redefine the procedure for protecting valuable cultural heritage. This could be achieved by creating a new approach to protecting cultural heritage in the domain of urban design and planning, taking into account all the values, tradition, authenticity and identity of a place. Accordingly, the paper will focus on the issues of protecting Belgrade's waterfront heritage, its historical and urban context, its genesis, and its cultural and architectural characteristics. Furthermore, the possibilities for different approaches to the presentation and modern utilization of the abandoned and ruined waterfront heritage will be investigated, in order to define new, common procedures that will be in line with city development goals, citizen expectations and heritage protection measures.

scholarly journals Analysis of methods of assessing the quality of protective paint car coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02103
Author(s):  
Arthur Avakov ◽  
Evgeny Kosenko ◽  
Ivan Topilin ◽  
Fedor Kopilov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Paint Coating ◽  
The Road ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Operational Impacts

At present, modern ways to protect a varnish coating of cars have become widespread among motorists. Small particles of dirt, dust, winter reagents, minuses of car wash systems, a large number of stones on the road do not have the best effect on car cover. All operational impacts destroy the protective paintwork, after which the steel car body is no longer able to resist the effects of the environment. The body begins to rust and deteriorate. The car eventually loses its appearance, ceases to shine, becomes opaque. Reduction of adverse operational impacts on the paint coating of the car is achieved by modern methods of protection. A wide distribution in the market of automobile cosmetics was produced by protective polishes based on wax or synthetic constituents. It is connected with their small cost and ease of application. The flagship on auto market for the protection of car paint coating is armor plate. This is a protective transparent film with a thickness of approximately 100 microns, providing the maximum degree of protection. Thus, with the help of modern means of protecting paint coating, one can minimize the negative impact of the environment and prolong youth to a car.

scholarly journals Tourism and recreation at seabird breeding sites in Patagonia, Argentina: current concerns and future prospects

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yorio ◽  
Esteban Frere ◽  
Patricia Gandini ◽  
Adrián Schiavini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Magellanic Penguin ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Patagonian Coast ◽  
Seabird Colonies ◽  
Recreation Activities

Seabird colonies often constitute valuable tourist attractions. Different species differ in their sensitivity to human disturbance and, although birds may habituate to visitors, inappropriate intrusions at poorly managed sites may result in adverse effects on breeding individuals. The rapid growth of wildlife-based tourism and recreation in coastal Patagonia, Argentina, presents opportunities for significant economic benefits but also raises concerns about the potential effects on seabird colonies. Sixteen seabird species breed along the Patagonian coast, with Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus being one of the main tourist attractions. At least 27 sites where seabirds breed are currently visited by people either through organized tourism or for recreational purposes, 19 of which are included in coastal protected areas. The number of visitors per year varies from 50 to more than 100,000, depending on the site. Negative effects on seabird reproduction in Patagonia are through direct destruction of nests or their contents and desertion of offspring, particularly at locations where seabirds nest in association with or near to colonies of avian predators. Tourism and recreation activities are growing in extent and intensity at most coastal sectors in Patagonia. Current trends in coastal recreation activities may result in negative effects on breeding seabirds unless management guidelines are developed and enforced. Information shows that tourism in coastal Patagonia is compatible with seabird conservation if appropriately managed. Given the rapid increase in the interest in visiting seabird colonies in Patagonia, several management tools such as sanctuaries, the limitation of visitor numbers and both temporal and spatial zoning, need to be implemented in the short term.

Climate change threatens micro-endemic amphibians of an important South American high-altitude center of endemism

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier M. Cordier ◽  
Julián N. Lescano ◽  
Natalia E. Ríos ◽  
Gerardo C. Leynaud ◽  
Javier Nori
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South American ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
Conservation Actions

Abstract Species inhabiting broad altitudinal gradients are particularly exposed to the effects of global climate change (GCC). Those species reaching mountain tops are the most negatively affected. Here, using ecological niche models we estimated the climate change exposure of endemic amphibians of the most important extra-Andean mountain system of Argentina: the Sierras Pampeanas Centrales. Our results pinpoint that micro-endemic amphibians of this mountain system are heavily exposed to the effects of GCC, with important constraints of suitable climatic conditions for the six analyzed species. Among the most important findings, our models predict a high probability of a total disappearance of suitable climatic conditions for two of the species, currently restricted to mountain tops. This high exposure, in synergy with their very restricted ranges, and other important human induced threats (as fish invasion and emergent diseases), pose a serious threat to these endemic species, which can enter into the “extinction pathway” in a near future if no concrete conservation actions are taken. Our findings provide additional evidence of the great negative impact of GCC in high-altitude centers of endemism.

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