Two kinds of persistent soil seed banks in an amphi-basicarpic cold-desert annual

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Lu ◽  
Dun Y. Tan ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Western China ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Relative Ability ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Desert Annual ◽  
Additional Support

AbstractSeveral studies have compared seed banks of the different morphs of heteromorphic species, but none of them was on an amphi-basicarpic species. Our primary aim was to compare the relative ability of aerial and basal diaspores of an amphi-basicarpic species to form a seed bank. We compared the seed-bank dynamics of basal and aerial diaspores of three populations of the cold-desert annualCeratocarpus arenariusgrowing in the Junggar Desert in north-western China. A 2.5-year experimental garden study compared germination phenology and retention of viability in basal (a) and aerial (c and f) morphs. Aerial morphs formed a modified Thompson and Grime type III seed bank (small proportion of seeds carried over to next year) and the basal morph a modified type IV seed bank (large proportion of seeds carried over to next year). Seeds germinated only in spring, and cumulative germination percentages were f>c>a (year 1), f = c>a (year 2) and f = c = a (year 3). The relationship between length of germination period, retention of viability during burial and relative ability to form a persistent seed bank was basal morph > aerial morphs. The results of this seed-bank study onC. arenariusare in full agreement with those published previously on seed dispersal and dormancy in this species. Thus, strong additional support is provided for a high risk–low risk germination strategy in this cold-desert annual.

Effect of harvesting method on seed bank dynamics in a boreal mixedwood forest in northwestern Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqin Qi ◽  
John B Scarratt
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Boreal Mixedwood Forest

The effects of harvesting on seed bank dynamics in a boreal mixedwood forest were studied on replicated 10-ha treatment blocks harvested by different clear-cutting or partial-cutting systems in the fall of 1993. From 1994 to 1995 we monitored seed rain, soil seed banks, and seasonal changes in species composition in understory vegetation and seed banks in all harvest blocks plus three uncut controls. No persistent conifers were found in the soil seed banks of any treatment. The number of seeds of other species generally decreased with soil depth in all treatments, with the lower layer of organic soil yielding the highest numbers of seedlings. Many seeds of sedges and some herbs were found in the upper mineral soil horizon, indicating significant longevity. While disturbance by harvesting operations altered the distribution of seeds in the soil profile, harvesting method had little effect on the total number of species present in post-harvest seed banks or understory vegetation. There were no differences in seasonal compositional changes between treatments. Seed rain monitoring indicated that few conifer seeds were added to the seed bank. Betula papyrifera Marsh. was the dominant tree species in seed rain in the partial cutting treatments. However, in the second post-harvest year on clear cut sites sedges and grasses increased from less than 1 to 14% of seed rain. The results suggest that predominantly hardwood stands with prolific understory vegetation will initially develop on the treated sites, with a variable, but depleted conifer content.Key words: boreal mixedwood forest, natural regeneration, seed rain, seed bank, succession, vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals Seed bank dynamics in five Panamanian forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fornara ◽  
J. W. Dalling
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Successful Recruitment ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Lowland Forests

Many tropical pioneer species depend on the presence of high seed densities in the soil for successful recruitment following canopy disturbance (Cheke et al. 1979, Dalling & Hubbell 2002, Guevara Sada & Gómez Pompa 1972, Whitmore 1983). However determinants of variation in the composition and abundance of soil seed banks remain poorly understood. Seed bank densities can be affected by rates of seed predation and pathogen infection on the surface and in the soil, by intrinsic rates of loss in viability following dispersal, and by variation in the timing and duration of fruit production (Dalling et al. 1997, Garwood 1983, Murray & Garcia 2002). Here we compare seasonal fluctuations in seed bank density in five Panamanian forests varying in elevation and seasonality of precipitation (Table 1). We predict that lowland forests should show stronger intra-annual fluctuation in seed bank densities than montane forests because seed production and loss rates should be higher under conditions of greater resource availability, and where consistent high temperatures support greater abundance or activity of seed predators and pathogens (Brühl et al. 1999). Secondly, among lowland sites, we predict greater fluctuations in seed bank densities at drier, more seasonal sites where seasonally favourable conditions for seedling recruitment may select for interspecific synchrony in fruit production (Daubenmire 1972, Garwood 1983).

scholarly journals Similarity between seed bank and herb layer in a natural deciduous temperate lowland forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wódkiewicz ◽  
Anna Justyna Kwiatkowska-Falińska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Species Similarity

Forest seed banks mostly studied in managed forests proved to be small, species poor and not reflecting aboveground species composition. Yet studies conducted in undisturbed communities indicate a different seed bank characteristic. Therefore we aimed at describing soil seed bank in an undisturbed forest in a remnant of European lowland temperate forests, the Białowieża Forest. We compared similarity between the herb layer and seed bank, similarity of seed bank between different patches, and dominance structure of species in the herb layer and in the seed bank of two related oak-hornbeam communities. We report relatively high values of Sorensen species similarity index between herb layer and seed bank of both patches. This suggests higher species similarity of the herb layer and soil seed bank in natural, unmanaged forests represented by both plots than in fragmented communities influenced by man. Although there was a set of core seed bank species present at both plots, yielding high Sorensen species similarity index values, considerable differences between plots in seed bank size and dominance structure of species were found, indicating spatial variability of studied seed bank generated by edaphic conditions. Dominance structure of species in the herb layer was not reflected in the underlying seed bank. This stresses, that natural forest regeneration cannot rely only on the seed bank, although some forest species are capable of forming soil seed banks. While forest seed banks may not reflect vegetation composition of past successional stages, they may inform on history and land use of a specific plot.

scholarly journals Rainfall in growing season determines the size of an annual-dominated soil seed bank in a desert ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fei Shi ◽  
Zengru Wang ◽  
Bing-Xin Xu ◽  
Jian-Qiang Huo ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Seed Banks

Soil seed banks may offer great potential for restoring and maintaining desert ecosystems that have been degraded by climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. However, few studies have explored the annual dynamics in the composition and relative abundance of these soil seed banks. We conducted a long-term observational study to assess the effects of environmental factors (meteorology and microtopography) and aboveground vegetation on the soil seed bank of the Tengger Desert, China. The desert seed bank was dominated by annual herbs. We found that more rainfall in the growing season increased the number of seeds in the soil seed bank, and that quadrats at relatively higher elevations had fewer seeds. The species composition had more similarity in the seed bank than in the aboveground vegetation, though the seed bank and aboveground vegetation did change synchronously due to the rapid propagation of annuals. Together, our findings suggest that the combined effects of environmental factors and plant life forms determine the species composition and size of soil seed banks in deserts. Thus, if degraded desert ecosystems are left to regenerate naturally, the lack of shrub and perennial herb seeds could crucially limit their restoration. Human intervention and management may have to be applied to enhance the seed abundance of longer-lived lifeforms in degraded deserts.

scholarly journals Characterization and ecological significance of a seed bank from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation, southwest Virginia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra S. Yehnjong ◽  
Michael S. Zavada ◽  
Chris Liu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Large Seed

AbstractSoil seed banks are important to the maintenance and restoration of floras. Extant seed banks exhibit unique characteristics with regard to the distribution of seed size and seed density. Seeds were recovered from the Upper Pennsylvanian Wise Formation in southwest Virginia. Structurally preserved seeds were also examined from coal balls of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Groups, Ohio. The size distribution of the seeds from the Wise Formation is similar to that of structurally preserved seeds of the Upper Pennsylvanian Pottsville and Allegheny Group coal balls. In contrast, the seed size distributions in extant wetland, grassland, woodland and forest habitats are significantly narrower than that of seeds from the Pennsylvanian seed banks. Larger seeds are less dependent on light for germination, and aid in seedling establishment more than smaller seeds, especially in dense stable forests where disturbance events are rare. Large seed size may contribute to increased seed longevity, which reduces the effect of environmental variability on seed germination and development. The significantly larger size of the Palaeozoic seeds may have imparted an advantage for seedling establishment in the dense Palaeozoic forests. The preponderance of large seeds may be a result of the absence of large seed predators (e.g. herbivorous tetrapods), and may have been an evolutionary strategy to minimize damage to the embryo from a predator population dominated by small invertebrates with chewing or sucking mouthparts. The estimated seed density of 192 seeds/m2in the Palaeozoic seed bank falls within the range of modern seed banks, but at the lower end of modern seed bank densities in a variety of habitats.

Dynamics in the emergence of dormant and non-dormant herbaceous species from the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Djalma de Souza ◽  
Bruno Ayron de Souza Aguiar ◽  
Danielle Melo dos Santos ◽  
Vanessa Kelly Rodrigues de Araujo ◽  
Júlia Arruda Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Interspecific Differences

Abstract Aims In dry tropical forests, herbaceous species may have dormancy mechanisms and form persistent and transient seed banks in the soil. Evolutionarily acquired, these mechanisms are efficient for the establishment and survival of these herbs, especially in forests with unpredictable climates, such as the Caatinga. Thus, our objective was to verify whether the studied herbaceous species adopt the physical dormancy mechanism and how these natural barriers are overcome, to understand the temporal dynamics existing in the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry tropical forest. Methods Seeds of five native herbaceous species from the Caatinga forests were selected and submitted to pre-germinative treatments for verifying the presence of physical dormancy. We collected soil samples in the rainy and dry seasons for four consecutive years and monitored the emergence of the selected herbaceous in the greenhouse. We verified the differences in germination and seed bank emergence in the soil by generalized linear models. Important Findings The presence and absence of physical dormancy were observed in seeds from Caatinga herbaceous species. We found intraspecific and interspecific differences in the herbaceous emergence from soil seed banks between years and climatic seasons. In perennial herbs, consecutive lack of emergence between seasons and years was frequent, which suggests a direct relationship with the mechanism of physical dormancy and the environmental conditions necessary to overcome integument barriers. In these species, seed dimorphism and dormancy may confer additional advantages to their survival. Moreover, presenting intermediate levels of physical dormancy in an annual species may be an evolutionary adjustment to rainfall unpredictability. In contrast, we found that the annual herb without dormancy is more sensitive to seasonal and interannual climate changes, as evidenced by the increase and significant reduction of its emergence in the soil seed bank. These differences acquired evolutionarily are advantageous for the establishment of herbaceous populations, mainly in semiarid regions with an unpredictable climate.

scholarly journals Comparison of germination and seed bank dynamics of dimorphic seeds of the cold desert halophyte Suaeda corniculata subsp. mongolica

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dechang Cao ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Zhenying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Suaeda Corniculata ◽  
Desert Halophyte

Soil Seed Banks of Adjacent Unlogged Rain-Forest Types in North-Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Graham ◽  
MS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Secondary Species

The size and floristic composition of soil seed banks under four adjacent, unlogged and structurally different rainforest types were assessed by exposing 17 surface soil samples (to 40mm depth) to germination-house conditions. The mean size of the seed bank in the undisturbed forest types was 240 seeds m-2 (s.d. 139). Seeds of secondary species dominated the soil seed banks in all forest types, although weed seeds constituted only 0.6-4.0%. Some forest types had characteristic component secondary species in the buried seed bank. Agglomerative classification and multidimensional scaling analysis of quantitative sample data indicated that the parent structural-environmental forest type was the dominant influence in determining composition of the soil seed banks. Comparisons of the seed banks of the intact rainforest with those of nearby disturbed forests showed the former to be 35 to 50% smaller in total size, and lacking in some distinctive secondary species. It was concluded that disturbance, both within and adjacent to rainforest, may influence soil seed bank compositions, and hence future patterns of regeneration.

scholarly journals Seed bank modelling of volunteer oil seed rape: from seeds fate in the soil to seedling emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Soltani ◽  
A. Soltani ◽  
S. Galeshi ◽  
F. Ghaderi-Far ◽  
E. Zeinali
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Lower Slope

Studies were conducted to estimate parameters and relationships associated with sub-processes in soil seed banks of oilseed rape in Gorgan, Iran. After one month of burial, seed viability decreased to 39%, with a slope of 2.03% per day, and subsequently decreased with a lower slope of 0.01 until 365 days following burial in the soil. Germinability remained at its highest value in autumn and winter and decreased from spring to the last month of summer. Non-dormant seeds of volunteer oilseed rape did not germinate at temperatures lower than 3.8 ºC and a water potential of -1.4 MPa ºd. The hydrothermal values were 36.2 and 42.9 MPa ºd for sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, respectively. Quantification of seed emergence as influenced by burial depth was performed satisfactorily (R² = 0.98 and RMSE = 5.03). The parameters and relationships estimated here can be used for modelling soil seed bank dynamics or establishing a new model for the environment.

Germination asynchrony is increased by dual seed bank presence in two desert perennial halophytes

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Bhatt ◽  
Narayana R. Bhat ◽  
Flavio Lozano-Isla ◽  
David Gallacher ◽  
Andrea Santo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Plant Recruitment ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Desert Habitat

Maintaining a viable seed bank throughout the germination season is considered very important for plant recruitment in desert environments, where environmental conditions are unpredictable. Seeds from fully matured Seidlitzia rosmarinus Bunge ex Boiss and Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch. were collected in December 2016, then April, June, and September 2017 from both soil-surface and aerial seed banks. Both of the species were selected mainly by their capacity to rehabilitate saline coastal sites. Germination was analyzed under two photoperiods (0 or 12 h light per day), with winged or dewinged perianths. Seidlitzia rosmarinus had a shorter seasonal range in comparison with H. iraqensis (6 and 9 months, respectively), and the presence of a winged perianth reduced the germination rate of both species. A permanent winged perianth significantly inhibited the germination rate in both species. In the absence of perianth, the germination registered in December 2016 was mostly 100%, but declined to around 20% in September 2017. Seeds are thus more likely to germinate after scarification from wind mobilization, and do not require burial. Our results show that seeds of both the aerial and soil banks are transitory, and viable only during the winter months. Taken together, the combination of aerial and soil seed banks has greatly facilitated germination asynchrony in their environmentally unpredictable desert habitat.

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