Seed bank modelling of volunteer oil seed rape: from seeds fate in the soil to seedling emergence

Studies were conducted to estimate parameters and relationships associated with sub-processes in soil seed banks of oilseed rape in Gorgan, Iran. After one month of burial, seed viability decreased to 39%, with a slope of 2.03% per day, and subsequently decreased with a lower slope of 0.01 until 365 days following burial in the soil. Germinability remained at its highest value in autumn and winter and decreased from spring to the last month of summer. Non-dormant seeds of volunteer oilseed rape did not germinate at temperatures lower than 3.8 ºC and a water potential of -1.4 MPa ºd. The hydrothermal values were 36.2 and 42.9 MPa ºd for sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, respectively. Quantification of seed emergence as influenced by burial depth was performed satisfactorily (R² = 0.98 and RMSE = 5.03). The parameters and relationships estimated here can be used for modelling soil seed bank dynamics or establishing a new model for the environment.

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Soil Seed Bank Dynamics of a Riparian Forest and its Adjacent Upland Vegetation

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb819761 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 118-124

Author(s):

Omowumi Omotoyosi OLALOYE ◽

Samson Olajide OKE

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Soil Seed Banks ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

Standing Vegetation ◽

Lower Depth

The present study was conducted to determine the densities and soil seed bank composition of a riparian forest and its adjacent upland vegetation for a better understanding the potentials of the soil seed banks in facilitating succession towards a more natural forest of native tree species. Three contiguous 20 m x 20 m plots were systematically established on both riparian forest and upland vegetation. Species enumeration, identification and distribution into families of the standing vegetation were carried out. Furthermore, five replicates soil samples were collected at two different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 .The seedling emergence test was carried out for six months in the greenhouse to determine the species composition and the density of the seed in both vegetation types. The results of the seedling emergence revealed that more seeds were deposited at the upper depth (0-15 cm) than the lower depth 15-30 cm in the two vegetation types in both dry and rainy season. There was low similarity in species composition between the standing vegetation and soil seed bank in each of the two vegetation types. Herbaceous species recorded the highest number of seedlings as compared to the other habit. The low similarity between seed bank and standing vegetation of the riparian forest and the adjacent upland vegetation suggested that soil seed bank was insignificant in their restoration.

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Ecological Studies of the Endangered Rutidosis Leptorrhynchoides .I. Seed Production, Soil Seed Bank Dynamics, Population Density and Their Effects on Recruitment

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9950001 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

JW Morgan

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Fire Regime ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

The Impact

The seasonal dynamics of the soil seed bank of Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. were studied by the seedling emergence technique. Seed longevity in soil was quantified in a seed burial and retrieval experiment. The importance of annual seed production to recruitment was also determined over a 2-year-period, as was the impact of conspecific neighbour density on seed production per inflorescence. Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides appears to form a transient seed bank with little capacity to store germinable seeds in the soil from year to year. No seedlings were observed in soil sampled after the autumn germination pulse and no viable seed was present in the soil within 16 weeks of burial. The rate of seed loss was similar when seed was buried under all intact grassland canopy and in 0.25m2 canopy gaps. It appears that most seeds simply rot in moist soil or are predated by soil invertebrates. Seedling recruitment was at least 15 times greater in plots where natural seed input occurred than where it was curtailed. Less than 10% of seed shed resulted in seedling emergence. It is suggested that recruitment in the large populations studied was limited by germination rather than by microsite availability for seedling survival. Population density had an impact on seed production with sparsely distributed individuals producing fewer seeds per inflorescence than plants from denser colonies, although there was much variation. Sparse plants produced significantly fewer seeds per inflorescence than hand crosspollinated heads suggesting reduced pollinator efficacy in these colonies relative to larger colonies where there was no such difference. Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides is dependent on the maintenance of the standing population for recruitment. Any factors that influence flowering and subsequent seed production will limit the ability of the species to regenerate. Over sufficient time, this could lead to the localised extinction of the species and may explain why R. leptorrhynchoides has failed to reappear in remnants where a suitable fire regime has been re-implemented after a period of management unfavourable to the survival, flowering and regeneration of this species.

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Longevidad y germinación de semillas de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae) y sus implicaciones ecológicas

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v63i2.15614 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Túlio Gabriel Soares Oliveira ◽

Anderson Cleiton José ◽

Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro ◽

José Marcio Rocha Faria

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Seedling Mortality ◽

Viable Seeds ◽

One Year ◽

Syagrus Romanzoffiana

Syagrus romanzoffiana is a palm tree native and widely distributed of South America. The present study investigated the longevity and germination of the buried seeds of this species in an experimental seed bank. Laboratory germination and viability tests were performed for comparison with field results. Pyrenes (seeds enclosed by the endocarp) were buried in a forest fragment edge in July (dry season) in July 2012 and exhumed monthly during one year, for the assessment of water content and percentage of germinated and viable seeds. Germination tests were conducted in a Mangelsdorf-type germinator at 30°C under constant light and the viability was assessed by the tetrazolium test. An additional sample of pyrenes was buried to evaluate the percentage of seedling emergence and survival. Climatic and soil moisture data were recorded. In the laboratory, the pyrenes were stored for one year in a temperature-controlled room at 20ºC and 75% (±10%) relative air humidity to assess changes in the percentage of germination and viability over time. In the field, a reduction in seed viability was observed over the study period, with a total loss of viability of non-germinated seeds at seven months after burial. The maximum germination (close to 26%) was observed in the samples that were exhumed between five and seven months after burial. In the field, seedling emergence did not exceed 10% and seedling mortality was not observed. The percentages of germination and of viable seeds decreased both in burial and stored seeds. The stored seeds maintained viability at up to six months, with marked reduction thereafter. After the germination tests (four months) in the laboratory, all of the remaining seeds were nonviable. The ecological, physiological and reproductive characteristics of the species are discussed, and we concluded that S. romanzoffiana seeds have short longevity after imbibition, and low potential for soil seed bank formation.

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Seed loss and volunteer seedling establishment of rapeseed in the northernmost European conditions: potential for weed infestation and GM risks

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.41530 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 327-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio ◽

Katri Pahkala ◽

Hannu Mikkola ◽

Lauri Jauhiainen

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Major Effect ◽

Seed Loss ◽

Management Measures ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

Substantial Risk ◽

Weed Infestation

Rapeseed soil seed bank development and volunteer plant establishment represent substantial risk for crop infestation and GM contamination. This study was designed to complement such investigations with novel understanding from high latitude conditions. Four experiments were designed to characterise seed loss at harvest, persistence, viability and capacity for volunteer seedling establishment, as well as impact of management measures on soil seed bank dynamics. Oilseed rape was the primary crop investigated due to the availability of GM cultivars and because of the increasing importance. Harvest losses and soil seed bank development were significant. Volunteer seedlings emerged at reasonably high rates, especially in the first autumn after harvest, but about 10% of buried seeds maintained their viability for at least three years. Soil incorporation methods had no major effect on numbers of volunteer seedlings, but herbicide treatments controlled volunteer seedlings efficiently, though not completely, due to irregular timing of seedling emergence.

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Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Winda Utami Putri ◽

Ibnul Qayim ◽

Abdul Qadir

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Specific Information ◽

West Java ◽

Soil Seed Banks ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Putri WU, Qayim I, Qadir A. 2021. Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4019-4027. Study on the impact of invasive species on plant communities has been conducted mainly on the aboveground vegetation. The impact on the soil seed bank has received less attention mostly due to practical difficulties in conducting seed bank assessment. Evaluation of seed bank composition is useful in detecting invasive plant species that may have been present as buried seeds. Information on the vegetation composition in Nyungcung and Kapur hills both under and aboveground is available, but specific information on invasive species has not been discussed yet. This paper describes and analyzes the structure (composition and density) of invasive species in the soil seed bank. Eighty soil samples were taken from the study sites. The soil seed banks were analyzed using seedling emergence and seed extraction methods. 2602 and 1280 seedlings emerged from soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills, respectively. From that number, approximately 48.96% and 68.51% of the seedlings are invasive species in the soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills. The invasive species were dominants in the soil seed bank of the two sites. Cecropia peltata and Clidemia hirta were the most abundant invasive species in the Kapur and Nyungcung hills seed bank, respectively. Species richness and seedling density were higher in Nyungcung hills than Kapur hills, which were invaded for a relatively longer period.

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Composition of Soil Seed Bank Over Cholistan Desert Microhabitats at Dingarh Fort Area, Pakistan

Biological Sciences - PJSIR ◽

10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.59.3.2016.133.138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

Hafiz Muhammad Zia Ullah Ghazali ◽

Abdul Hamid ◽

Muhammad Arshad ◽

Mansoor Hameed ◽

Malik Muhammad Yousaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Sand Dune ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Seed Banks ◽

Sandy Area ◽

Cholistan Desert ◽

Species Analysis ◽

Shifting Sand

Soil seed banks were assessed in three soil layers (L1, from 0 to 2 cm, L2, 2 to 4 cm and L3,4 to 6 cm depth ) from five microhabitats i.e., Lee-ward side of sand dune (S1), Wind-ward side of sanddune (S2), Clayey area covered with sand (S3), Interdunal sandy area (S4) and Shifting sand dune of siteDingarh Fort area (S5) in Cholistan desert of Pakistan to analyse differences of soil seed bank among thesehabitats. Ten soil samples were collected from each microhabitat and from each layer i.e., 0-2 cm depth(L1), 2-4 cm depth (L2) and 4-6 cm depth (L3) by using 15´15´6 cm metallic sampler. Consistentdifferences in seed composition were observed among these microhabitats. Seedling emergence approachwas used to assess the soil seed bank of Cholistan desert. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) wasused for the soil seed bank and the plant species analysis. The microhabitats S3 (Clayey area covered withsand) and S4 (Interdunal sandy area) contributed prominently to the total variance in the species and hadmaximum density of seed bank and soil layer L1 contained maximum number of seeds.

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Goatsrue (Galega Officinalis) Seed Biology

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-08-105.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michelle Oldham ◽

Corey V. Ransom

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

Perennial Plant ◽

Seed Biology ◽

Galega Officinalis ◽

Noxious Weed

Goatsrue is an introduced perennial plant which has proven to have great invasive potential, leading to its classification as a noxious weed in many states and at the federal level. Very little research has been done on its basic biology. Physical dormancy of mature goatsrue seed was tested through scarification with sulfuric acid for up to 60 min resulting in 100% germination. Comparison of dormancy for 26-yr-old and 6-mo-old goatsrue seed indicated that aged seeds had reduced dormancy levels compared to newly harvested seeds. Maximum germination was similar among the 6-mo old and 26-yr-old seed lots, suggesting no loss of viability had occurred in seed stored dry for 26 yr. Goatsrue seedling emergence was inversely related to burial depth, and decreased as burial depth increased. Emergence of seed buried at 0.5 to 3.0 cm soil depth was 93 to 87%, respectively, and no emergence occurred from 12 and 14 cm. When the soil seed bank of five goatsrue-infested areas was sampled, the largest density of seeds found was 74,609 seeds m−2 while the lowest was 14,832 seeds m−2. Viability and dormancy of seeds recovered from the soil seed bank survey ranged from 91 to 100% and 80 to 93%, respectively. Management, which reduces the soil seed bank and controls emerging seedlings, is as essential as control of mature goatsrue plants in order to avoid seedling establishment and reinvasion of a location.

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Rapid burial has differential effects on germination and emergence of small- and large-seeded herbaceous plant species

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258510000127 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 189-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Sandra Burmeier ◽

Tobias W. Donath ◽

Annette Otte ◽

R. Lutz Eckstein

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Experimental Manipulation ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

Species Specific ◽

Meadow Species

AbstractThe dynamics of many plant populations essentially depend upon seed and seedling stages, and a persistent seed bank may give species an opportunity to disperse through time. Seed burial is a decisive prelude to persistence and may strongly influence seed-bank dynamics. The fate of buried seeds depends on species-specific traits, environmental conditions and possibly also burial mode. We tested seed germination, seedling emergence and growth of the co-occurring herbaceous flood-meadow speciesArabis nemorensis,Galium wirtgenii,Inula salicina,Sanguisorba officinalisandSelinum carvifoliain response to the experimental manipulation of burial depth (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 cm) and substrate type (sand, clay). Increasing burial depth led to decreased germination, emergence and growth in all species studied, and seedling growth differed significantly between substrate types. The responses of species differed on an individual basis, but also showed a higher-ranking pattern based on seed size. Larger-seeded species were able to emerge from greater depths and experienced less depth-mediated growth inhibition than smaller-seeded species, which, in turn, had higher survival rates during burial and were less likely to experience fatal germination. Based on these results, we suggest that herbaceous flood-meadow species have developed two different seed-size based strategies for coping with the extreme recruitment conditions prevailing in flood meadows, the balance of which seems to be maintained by disturbance events.

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From what depth do seeds emerge? A soil seed bank experiment with Mediterranean grassland species

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1079/ssr2004179 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 297-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Juan Traba ◽

Francisco M. Azcárate ◽

Begoña Peco

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Burial Depth ◽

Vertical Movements ◽

Grassland Species ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

Mediterranean Grasslands ◽

Deep Layers ◽

Germination Experiments

Seed germination and emergence are influenced by the position of seeds in the soil bank profile. Mediterranean grasslands are heavily dependent on seed banks, as these systems are mainly composed of annual species. Seed bank germination experiments in a greenhouse were conducted to analyse the role played by burial depth on seed bank dynamics in annual Mediterranean grasslands. Specifically, they addressed two objectives: (1) to assess the ability of seeds in the shallow layer of the soil bank to emerge when they are buried at different depths, and (2) to ascertain the ability of seeds from deep layers to germinate and emerge to the surface. The study also produced a depth profile of species and seeds. The results show that: (1) all species (100%) and the majority of viable seeds (98.9%) are situated in the first centimetre, with a significant fall in the number of species and seeds in the soil bank as depth increases; (2) for the majority of species (92%) and seeds (85.4%) in the shallow bank, the emergence percentage declines significantly with burial depth; and (3) seeds that are present in deep layers need to rise to the surface in order to produce seedlings. In conclusion, the function of the seed bank in Mediterranean grasslands depends on the number of species and seeds in it, but also on the seed position in the profile and vertical movements that enable them to reach the surface.

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Seed bank dynamics in five Panamanian forests

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467404002184 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 223-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. A. Fornara ◽

J. W. Dalling

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Pioneer Species ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations ◽

Annual Fluctuation ◽

Soil Seed Banks ◽

Successful Recruitment ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

Lowland Forests

Many tropical pioneer species depend on the presence of high seed densities in the soil for successful recruitment following canopy disturbance (Cheke et al. 1979, Dalling & Hubbell 2002, Guevara Sada & Gómez Pompa 1972, Whitmore 1983). However determinants of variation in the composition and abundance of soil seed banks remain poorly understood. Seed bank densities can be affected by rates of seed predation and pathogen infection on the surface and in the soil, by intrinsic rates of loss in viability following dispersal, and by variation in the timing and duration of fruit production (Dalling et al. 1997, Garwood 1983, Murray & Garcia 2002). Here we compare seasonal fluctuations in seed bank density in five Panamanian forests varying in elevation and seasonality of precipitation (Table 1). We predict that lowland forests should show stronger intra-annual fluctuation in seed bank densities than montane forests because seed production and loss rates should be higher under conditions of greater resource availability, and where consistent high temperatures support greater abundance or activity of seed predators and pathogens (Brühl et al. 1999). Secondly, among lowland sites, we predict greater fluctuations in seed bank densities at drier, more seasonal sites where seasonally favourable conditions for seedling recruitment may select for interspecific synchrony in fruit production (Daubenmire 1972, Garwood 1983).

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