Seed dormancy of Lolium perenne L. related to the maternal environment during seed filling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fernández ◽  
Guillermo R. Chantre ◽  
Juan P. Renzi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Field Emergence

Abstract Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) shows variable levels of seed physiological dormancy (PD), which depends on the genotype and environmental condition during seed development. To analyse the effect of field temperature and precipitation during seed filling on the PD, two cultivars were sown on five dates in 2014 and 2015. After harvest, the level of seed PD was 4–28%. High-temperature stress (>29°C) in the field during seed development, measured as heat stress units (HSUs), reduced seed PD (increased germination) at harvest. After 9 months of dry afterripening under laboratory conditions, mean dormant seed values were reduced from 15 ± 8 to 8 ± 7%. An increment in the seed PD level reduced seedling emergence in the field. Seed with 20% PD produced only 50% of field emergence, under optimal environmental conditions. Different vigour tests were conducted and each was compared with field emergence. The speed of germination, through the first count at 5 d of the standard germination test, and the shoot length at 10 d were better associated with the seedling establishment in the field. The HSU could be useful to establish a possible PD range in the seed of perennial ryegrass after the growing season. The development of models considering the HSU and other climatic parameters could motivate future studies.

Lodging studies in Lolium perenne grown for seed: 1. Seed yield and seed yield components

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Hebblethwaite ◽  
A. Burbidge ◽  
D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SummaryThe effects of lodging on the seed yield of S. 23 and S. 24 perennial ryegrass were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1973 to 1976. Natural lodging severely reduced seed yield in all years as a result of a decrease in the number of seeds per unit area. Controlled lodging at different stages of crop growth produced more variable results, indicating that lodging may affect both pollination and seed development. Disturbance of the crop during anthesis in order to aid pollination did not improve seed yields, possibly as a result of damage incurred.

scholarly journals Creeping Bentgrass and Perennial Ryegrass Seedling Tolerance to Bispyribac-sodium

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2186-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Dernoeden ◽  
Steven J. McDonald ◽  
John E. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Establishing creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. (CBG)] and perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. (PRG)] from seed can be hampered by competition from annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Bispyribac-sodium (BPS) is a postemergence annual bluegrass herbicide that may have applications for use when establishing these grasses. This field study was undertaken to determine if BPS could be applied safely to CBG and PRG seedlings. Ethofumesate (ETHO) was applied sequentially (840 + 840 g·ha−1 a.i.) and served as a standard. In 2004, BPS was applied once (49, 74, 111, and 148 g·ha−1 a.i.) or sequentially (49 + 49 and 74 + 74 g·ha−1 a.i.) to CBG and PRG seedlings 4 weeks after emergence in Maryland. In 2004, BPS discolored CBG and PRG and reduced PRG cover, whereas ETHO reduced CBG cover but was not injurious to PRG. In 2005, a single (148 g·ha−1 a.i.) and sequential (25 + 25, 49 + 49 and 74 + 74 g·ha−1 a.i.) applications of BPS were made to CBG and PRG 2 and 4 weeks after seedling emergence (WASE) in Maryland and Connecticut. Treatments applied 2 WASE generally resulted in more injury when compared with applications made 4 WASE. In Maryland in 2005, CBG only sustained long-term loss of cover when treated 2 WASE with 148 g·ha−1 a.i. of BPS. The PRG was more sensitive to BPS and 148 g·ha−1 a.i. applied once and sequential treatments 49 g·ha−1 a.i. or greater applied 2 and 4 WASE generally caused the greatest loss in PRG cover. Conversely, CBG was severely injured by all BPS treatments and ETHO in Connecticut. In PRG, only 25 + 25 g·ha−1 a.i. of BPS and ETHO in both timings did not cause a loss in cover in Connecticut or Maryland. High levels of precipitation and probably other unknown factors may have enhanced the phytotoxicity observed in Connecticut. Ethofumesate generally was safer than BPS for use on PRG seedlings.

scholarly journals Tolerance of AR1 Neotyphodium endophyte to fungicides used in perennial ryegrass seed production

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
W.J. Archie ◽  
W.R. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with the elite new AR1 endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii strain AR1) was treated with fungicides used for stem rust (Puccina graminis) control during head emergence flowering and seed development Field trials were carried out over two seasons evaluating triazole and strobilurin fungicides and mixtures of these two groups of fungicides applied either one or two times (Trial 1) or two or three times (Trial 2) Seed yields were measured and endophyte viability tested with growout tests of freshly harvested seed Seed yields were increased by 76 to 83 with double applications but not by single applications of azoxystrobin and epoiconazole in Trial 1 In the second year (Trial 2) seed yields were increased by between 13 and 27 with triple applications of these two fungicides and their mixtures Endophyte viability was not affected by any of the fungicide treatments

Changes in potential seed longevity and seedling growth during seed development and maturation in marrow

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Demir ◽  
R. H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Filling Phase

AbstractMarrow (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed quality was monitored during seed development and maturation in 2 years. Mass maturity (end of the seed-filling phase) was attained 61–63 d and 54 d after anthesis in 1989 and 1990, respectively, when seed moisture contents had declined to 40–48% (wet basis). Considerable dormancy was encountered during standard germination tests, but was overcome by decoating the seeds. The ability of dried, decoated seeds to germinate normally in standard tests reached near maximal values shortly after mass maturity; these values were more or less maintained in seeds from subsequent harvests. Maximum seed longevity in air-dry storage was detected in seeds harvested 24 d (1989) and 26–31 d (1990) after mass maturity. Seedling dry weights 15 d after sowing were greatest for seeds harvested 2–22 d (basal fruits) or 14 d (apical fruits) after mass maturity in 1989, and were positively correlated (P<0.01) with times from seedling emergence to seedling harvest. Consequently in the subsequent year the hypothesis that these differences in seedling dry weight were solely due to differences in times from sowing to emergence was tested (and confirmed). Seedling relative growth rates did not differ with seed harvest date (P>0.25) in 1990, but absolute seedling size did (P<0.005); seeds harvested 21–31 d after mass maturity had the greatest seedling weight and also growth rate (in absolute terms) at any one time after sowing. Decline in seed quality (when assessed by both potential seed longevity and seedling growth) was not detected until the final harvest interval in 1990 (85–90 d after anthesis, 31–36 d after mass maturity). These results for marrow contradict both aspects of the general hypothesis that seed quality is maximal at the end of the seed-filling phase and that viability and vigour begin to decline thereafter.

Effect of bacterial fertilizers on the properties of a pseudomyceliar chernozem soil and on the biomass of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jakab ◽  
János Kátai ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

A tenyészedényes kísérletünket a DE AGTC MÉK Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet tenyészházában állítottuk be 2010. május 27-én. A kísérletben Debrecen-Látókép környékéről származó mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajt alkalmaztunk, amely az alábbi jellemzőkkel rendelkezett: KA: 37,5; leiszapolható rész: 51%; pH(KCl): 5,5; pH(H2O): 6,6; Hu%: 2,8; AL-P2O5: 140 mg·kg-1; AL-K2O: 316,3 mg·kg-1. Az adatok alapján a kísérleti talaj gyengén savanyú, vályog kötöttségű, közepes nitrogén- és foszfor-, valamint jó kálium-ellátottsággal rendelkezett. A kísérletben kontroll-, műtrágya-, valamint szalmakezelést alkalmaztunk, melyeket bizonyos kombinációkban három különböző baktériumkészítménnyel (Bactofil A, EM-1, Microbion UNC) egészítettünk ki. A kísérletet három ismétlésben véletlenblokk elrendezésben állítottuk be. A tesztnövény angolperje (Lolium perenneL.) volt. A kísérlet kezdetétől számított 8. héten a talaj-, valamint a növényminták begyűjtésére került sor. Meghatároztuk a növényminták száraztömegét, a növény foszfor- és káliumtartalmát, valamint a talajminták nitrát-, valamint AL-oldható foszfor- és káliumtartalmát. Eredményeink alapján főbb megállapításaink a következők: – Az angolperje száraztömegét a műtrágyakezelés szignifikánsan növelte. A hatás a tápelem-ellátottság javulásával magyarázható. – A növény foszforkoncentrációja a műtrágyázás következtében csökkent, amelyet a hígulási effektussal magyarázhatunk. – A növény káliumkoncentrációját a műtrágya-, valamint a műtrágya+baktériumtrágya kezelések szignifikánsan serkentették. – A talaj nitráttartalma szignifikánsan növekedett a műtrágyakezelés kivételével minden kezelésben. – A talaj AL-P2O5-tartalma az NPK-műtrágyázás és az EM-1 kezelés következtében statisztikailag igazolható mértékben megnövekedett, míg az AL-K2O-tartalom kizárólag a szalmakezelés hatására nőtt. A baktériumkészítmények önmagukban alkalmazva általában nem eredményeztek jelentős változást a vizsgált paraméterekben, azonban a készítmények szerves/ásványi anyagokkal kombinált adagolása esetében különböző mértékben befolyásolták a vizsgált mutatókat.

Effect of high temperature stress on seed filling and nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
K. PRAVALLIKA ◽  
C. ARUNKUMAR ◽  
A. VIJAYKUMAR ◽  
R. BEENA ◽  
V. G. JAYALEKSHMI
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Filling
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