Sex Definitions and Gender Practices

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
KATE CREGAN
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Gender Practices ◽  
And Gender

Abstract:In recent years the Australian parliament has been considering the rights to protection from discrimination of intersex and gender identity disorder (GID) people. In 2013 such protections were made law in the amendment to the Sex Discrimination Act 1984, which in turn has influenced Senate inquiries into the medical treatment of intersex people. This year’s Australian report describes the purview and the potential ramifications of the inquiry of the Senate Standing Committees on Community Affairs, published in October 2013, into the involuntary or coerced sterilization of intersex people in Australia.

In Favor of the 2019 Equality Act: A Comment on Burt

2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512199133
Author(s):  
Susan Gluck Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
And Gender

There are three reason why I disagree with the author’s premise that 2019 Equality Act disadvantages women by blurring the distinction between sex and gender identity. First, it ignores current legal theory and practice that sex discrimination encompasses gender identity discrimination in federal law; second, it has not made a sufficient case that the Act’s interpretation of sex would harm women; third, it incorrectly assumes gender equality in the workplace can be achieved while sex-segregated spaces remain segregated by biological sex. In sum, revising the Equality Act to exempt women’s spaces would sacrifice the principle of gender equality upon which the Act is based.

Anorexia nervosa and gender identity disorder in biologic males: A report of two cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Winston ◽  
Sudha Acharya ◽  
Shreemantee Chaudhuri ◽  
Lynette Fellowes
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Social and Interpersonal Aspects of Gender Identity Disorder

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
John M. Annear
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
And Gender

Biological sex, gender identity and gender role are concordant in most individuals. Transsexuals seek reassignment of gender role and anatomical sex to fit their gender identity. Thirteen males and three female transsexuals have been assessed.

Responding to narrowing discrimination protections: Can hospital policies protect transgender and gender diverse patients with cancer?

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14126-e14126
Author(s):  
Ash Alpert ◽  
Elizabeth Stieglitz Tarras ◽  
Amani Sampson ◽  
Myla S. Strawderman ◽  
Megan Sutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Hospital Policies ◽  
And Gender

e14126 Background: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recently proposed to eliminate federal protections against discrimination in healthcare on the basis of gender identity. This proposal seeks to alter the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Section 1557 Rule, which currently prohibits sex discrimination in any health program receiving federal financial assistance. The provisional change poses imminent threats to transgender and gender diverse (TGD) communities who face discrimination in healthcare, and in cancer care specifically. If current federal protections are eliminated, enacting local non-discrimination policies may safeguard TGD individuals’ rights to access safe equitable cancer care. To determine the need for local policy change, we sought to assess the current protections based on gender identity and expression for patients at National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Centers. Methods: Publicly available hospital non-discrimination policies and Patients’ Bill of Rights were examined from the main affiliated hospitals of each of the 62 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers, excluding laboratories. The policies were classified as clearly including gender identity and expression or not. McNemar’s Test calculated differences between non-discrimination policies and Patient’ Bill of Rights. Results: Of 62 institutions, 30 (48.4%) clearly included gender identity and expression in their hospital non-discrimination policies, whereas 45 (72.6%) included gender identity and expression in their Patients’ Bill of Rights ( p= 0.014). Thirty-seven (59.7%) institutions included gender identity and expression in only one of the documents (Table). Conclusions: NCI-Designated Cancer Centers do not consistently include gender identity and expression in publicly available non-discrimination documents. The discrepancy between Patients’ Bill of Rights documents and hospital non-discrimination policies suggests a difference between what institutions outwardly convey to patients and what they operationalize in their legal documents. Paired outcomes from 62 independent NCI-Designated Cancer Centers. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Trans-Action Fees: Public Insurance, Medical Necessity, and Sex Reassignment Surgery

Elements ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
Medical Necessity ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
Medicaid Policy

Due to a general lack of understanding regarding transgender persons, this group of individuals is put at particular risk of discrimination in the area of law and medicine. The question of public insurance coverage for medical treatment of gender identity disorder is one of the most pressing issues in this field. This paper will provide an overview of transgenderism and treatments of gender identity disorder in order to assess the medical necessity of sex reassignment surgery and other procedures provided to transgender persons. While Medicaid guidelines do allow for the denial of medically necessary services, these denied services must fit certain criteria. Specific cases in which state insurance coverage was permitted or denied to transgender Medicaid patients will be examined in order to assess the overall ethicality of Medicaid policy towards transgender persons.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia and gender identity disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 316-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameez Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
And Gender

Pramipexole and gender identity disorder: Expanding the phenotype of hypersexuality in Parkinson's disease

2009 ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
Mahesh Odiyoor ◽  
Christopher Kobylecki ◽  
Richard J. Hackett ◽  
Monty A. Silverdale ◽  
Mark W. Kellett
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identity Disorder ◽  
And Gender

Assessing the Impact of Gender Identity Nondiscrimination Policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell B. Toomey ◽  
Zhenqiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
School Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

U.S. federal law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education. U.S. case law also applies the prohibition of sex discrimination to incidents motivated by a person’s sex or gender, including gender identity and expression. Enumerated nondiscrimination, school-based policies that include gender identity and expression are among the foundational policies advocated for by researchers and practitioners who aim to make schools safer for transgender and gender nonconforming students. These policies serve as a foundation for all other interventions or policies that may be implemented in schools to increase safety for transgender and gender nonconforming students. Further, enumerated nondiscrimination policies provide students with a clear understanding of their rights at school, and they provide school personnel with grounding to prevent and intervene in gender-based discrimination. Research finds that transgender and gender nonconforming students experience high levels of stigma in schools (manifested as discrimination, stigma-based bullying), and that these school-based experiences are associated with compromised educational outcomes in addition to disparities in behavioral, physical, and psychological health. Students in schools that have enumerated nondiscrimination policies report less bias stigma-based bullying attributed to gender identity and expression compared to students in schools with nonenumerated policies. Further, students are more likely to report that teachers intervene in stigma-based bullying attributed to gender identity and expression in schools that have enumerated nondiscrimination policies compared to those that do not. Finally, studies find that nondiscrimination policies that include gender identity and expression attenuate the negative consequences of stigma for students.

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