Richard Lawton and Robert Lee (eds), Urban Population Development in Western Europe from the Late-Eighteenth Century to the Early-Twentieth Century. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1989. xvi + 288pp. 59 figures. 94 tables. £25.00.

AbstractAlthough the Philippines is hardly known for sending out migrants prior to the twentieth century, and even among seafarers only the galleon age is remembered, this article provides evidence of transcontinental maritime movements from the late eighteenth century until the early twentieth century. These migrants were known in the English-speaking world as Manilamen. Most were seafarers, but some became involved in pearl-shell fishing, while others engaged in mercenary activities. They settled in key ports around the world, their numbers in any one location fluctuating in response to changing circumstances. Despite relocation to distant places, the difficulties of communication, and the impetus toward naturalization, Manilamen seem to have retained some form of identification with the Philippines as homeland, no matter how inchoately imagined.

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The ‘parting of the ways’: the underlying divergence of East Central Europe from western Europe between the late fi fteenth and the late eighteenth century

A History of Eastern Europe ◽

10.4324/9780203018897-26 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 204-208

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Central Europe ◽

Western Europe ◽

East Central Europe ◽

East Central ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

Parting Of The Ways

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Maritime labour and economic opportunity: Shetlanders and the Dundee Arctic whaling trade during the late nineteenth century

International Journal of Maritime History ◽

10.1177/0843871418824973 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 347-368

Author(s):

Matthew Ylitalo

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Social Economic ◽

Economic Opportunity ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Shetland Islands ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

Late Nineteenth

From the late eighteenth century until the early twentieth century, British Arctic whaling vessels called at the Shetland Islands to hire additional crew members. Whalers valued Shetlanders for their boat-handling expertise, and Shetlanders benefitted from earning cash wages. After 1872, local documentation on Shetlanders in Arctic whaling becomes scarcer. This article traces social, economic and environmental factors to contextualise Shetland’s involvement in Arctic whaling during its last decades. It draws information from British merchant marine crew agreements to identify prosopographical characteristics of Shetlanders joining the whalers, and it links this information to other Shetland sources to understand how whaling influenced Shetland’s society and economy. The article also demonstrates the value of using crew agreements to develop alternative perspectives of social, economic and labour histories across a multiscalar range of local, regional and transoceanic histories.

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Fantasy Flowers and Mysterious Cities: Winter Carl Hansson and Dalecarlian Folk Art circa 1800

Sjuttonhundratal ◽

10.7557/4.2393 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Barbro Klein

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Folk Art ◽

Profound Impact ◽

Common Features ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Social Concerns ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

The Many

During the late eighteenth century, folk art developed in new and intriguing ways in several Scandinavian regions. This essay concentrates on the developments around Lake Siljan in Dalarna, primarily as they were expressed by Winter Carl Hansson, one of the most accomplished of the artists. In his renditions of biblical topics such as the Workers in the Vineyard and the Descent from the Cross, one may observe a skilful blending of religious mystery and mundane life, as well as complex contrasts between floral arrangements and imposing cities. Through his remarkable ability to enhance common features of Dalecarlian folk art, this unschooled artist communicates striking powers of presence. Ultimately, the new artistic energies - in works by Winter Carl and others - must be understood in light of the influence of the many printed texts and images that were then available. Thus, to the extent that a general breakthrough into new cultural and social concerns took place during the late eighteenth century, this is true also of folk art. Furthermore, the folk art that was shaped at this time had a profound impact in the twentieth century, when it came to signify the most appealing aspects of Sweden's national cultural heritage.

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Universalizing Dignity in the Nineteenth Century

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385997.003.0015 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mika LaVaque-Manty

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Human Rights ◽

United Nations ◽

Human Dignity ◽

Conceptual History ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

United Nations Declaration

This chapter traces some of the conceptual history from the late eighteenth century, when arguments about equal, intrinsic, and universal human dignity became politically important, to the mid-twentieth century, when the idea of universal human dignity was enshrined in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. The chapter argues that this universalization process primarily took place in the nineteenth century, in political controversies around gender, race, and labor. The chapter argues that a particular Christian conception about the dignity of labor, expressed by Pope Leo XII, helped cement the value of inherent human dignity while at the same time weakening its more radical political potential.

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