CRHR1 Antagonists as Novel Treatment Strategies

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Holsboer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mouse Mutants ◽  
Stress Responsivity ◽  
Animal Models Of Anxiety ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

AbstractResearch has provided considerable evidence for the hypothesis that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the key central coordinator of stress-hormone homeostasis, also plays a role in the development and course of depression and anxiety disorders. Studies using animal models of anxiety, as well as mouse mutants, in which the gene coding for the CRH type 1 receptor (CRHR1) was genetically deleted supported the notion that enhanced CRH/CRHR1 signaling underlies depression and anxiety disorders. Therefore, a number of small nonpeptide molecules that antagonize CRHR1 have been developed. In animal models, these molecules had anxiolytic and other stress-alleviating effects. An initial clinical study showed that CRHR1 antagonism has beneficial effects on depression and anxiety symptoms at doses unharmful to neuroendocrine stress responsivity.

Animal models of anxiety disorders: behavioral and genetic approaches

2011 ◽  
pp. 156-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse W. Richardson-Jones ◽  
E. David Leonardo ◽  
Rene Hen ◽  
Susanne E. Ahmari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Animal Models Of Anxiety

scholarly journals Metabolomics in Psychiatric Disorders: What We Learn from Animal Models

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Humer ◽  
Thomas Probst ◽  
Christoph Pieh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Psychiatric Medication ◽  
Mitochondrial Regulation ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Test Treatment

Biomarkers are a recent research target within biological factors of psychiatric disorders. There is growing evidence for deriving biomarkers within psychiatric disorders in serum or urine samples in humans, however, few studies have investigated this differentiation in brain or cerebral fluid samples in psychiatric disorders. As brain samples from humans are only available at autopsy, animal models are commonly applied to determine the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and to test treatment strategies. The aim of this review is to summarize studies on biomarkers in animal models for psychiatric disorders. For depression, anxiety and addiction disorders studies, biomarkers in animal brains are available. Furthermore, several studies have investigated psychiatric medication, e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers, in animals. The most notable changes in biomarkers in depressed animal models were related to the glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid-glutamine-cycle. In anxiety models, alterations in amino acid and energy metabolism (i.e., mitochondrial regulation) were observed. Addicted animals showed several biomarkers according to the induced drugs. In summary, animal models provide some direct insights into the cellular metabolites that are produced during psychiatric processes. In addition, the influence on biomarkers due to short- or long-term medication is a noticeable finding. Further studies should combine representative animal models and human studies on cerebral fluid to improve insight into mental disorders and advance the development of novel treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Experimental animal models for the simulation of depression and anxiety

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

An impressive number of animal models to assess depression and anxiety are available today. However, the relationship between these models and the clinical syndromes of depression and anxiety is not always clear. Since human anxiety disorders represent a multifactorial phenomenon frequently comorbid with major depression and/or other psychiatric problems, the chance of creating animal models which consistently reflect the human situation is quite poor. When using experimental models to understand homologies between animal and human behavior, we have to consider the context in which an animal is investigated, and both the functional significance and relevance of the behavioral parameters that are quantified. Moreover, gender and interindividual and interspecies variabilities in behavioral responses to the test situation and in the sensitivity to pharmacological treatments are potential sources for confounding results. In the past, these aspects have been often neglected in preclinical approaches to behavioral pharmacology and psychopharmacology. A pragmatic approach of combined preclinical and clinical efforts is necessary to imitate one or more aspects relevant to pathological anxiety disorders and depression. The resulting models may identify central nervous processes regulating defined behavioral output, with the potential to develop more effective treatments.

scholarly journals Animal models of anxiety disorders and stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S101-S111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alline C. Campos ◽  
Manoela V. Fogaca ◽  
Daniele C. Aguiar ◽  
Francisco S. Guimaraes
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Animal Models Of Anxiety

scholarly journals Summary of a National Institute of Mental Health workshop: developing animal models of anxiety disorders

2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar A. ◽  
McCann U. ◽  
Meaney M. ◽  
Blanchard D. ◽  
Davis M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Animal Models Of Anxiety
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