scholarly journals Experimental animal models for the simulation of depression and anxiety

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

An impressive number of animal models to assess depression and anxiety are available today. However, the relationship between these models and the clinical syndromes of depression and anxiety is not always clear. Since human anxiety disorders represent a multifactorial phenomenon frequently comorbid with major depression and/or other psychiatric problems, the chance of creating animal models which consistently reflect the human situation is quite poor. When using experimental models to understand homologies between animal and human behavior, we have to consider the context in which an animal is investigated, and both the functional significance and relevance of the behavioral parameters that are quantified. Moreover, gender and interindividual and interspecies variabilities in behavioral responses to the test situation and in the sensitivity to pharmacological treatments are potential sources for confounding results. In the past, these aspects have been often neglected in preclinical approaches to behavioral pharmacology and psychopharmacology. A pragmatic approach of combined preclinical and clinical efforts is necessary to imitate one or more aspects relevant to pathological anxiety disorders and depression. The resulting models may identify central nervous processes regulating defined behavioral output, with the potential to develop more effective treatments.

Animal Models and Assays Probing Anxiety Related Behaviors and Neural Circuits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Tasan ◽  
Nicolas Singewald
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Conditioned Learning ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

Anxiety tests and models in rodents are useful tools to reveal neurochemical, cellular, and molecular underpinnings of normal and pathological anxiety-related behaviors, as well as novel treatment targets. While anxiety models are generated by various approaches such as selective breeding, anxiety tests most commonly involve unconditioned approach avoidance tasks and conditioned learning paradigms, both characterized by inherent advantages and limitations, in particular their predictive value for specific anxiety disorders. To further improve the validity and translatability of preclinical anxiety testing, it is promising that some anxiety-relevant endophenotypes have now been investigated using similar tests in rodents and humans and that the involved neural pathways and mechanisms overlap considerably in both species.

scholarly journals The relationship between the severity of asthma and comorbidites with anxiety and depressive disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M Valença ◽  
Rodrigo Falcão ◽  
Rafael C Freire ◽  
Isabella Nascimento ◽  
Ronaldo Nascentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that asthma is associated with increased frequency of psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders. Our aim was to assess the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample of asthmatic outpatients and observe if there is any relationship between this comorbidity and the severity of asthma. METHOD: Sixty-two consecutive patients of two outpatient asthma clinics located in university hospitals were evaluated. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 4.4 Version. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (43.5%) met criteria for at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses were major depression (24%), generalized anxiety disorder (20.9%) and panic disorder/agoraphobia spectrum disorders (17.7%). We found no significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression between the groups with mild/moderate and severe asthma. Despite the high frequency of depression and anxiety disorders, only 4 (6.5%) patients were under psychiatric treatment and 13 (20.9%) patients were taking benzodiazepines. Twelve of 15 (80%) patients who reported present use of psychotropic medication were not under psychiatric treatment at the moment of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the high morbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in asthmatic patients, independent of the severity of asthma.

Sexual functioning in male patients suffering from depression and anxiety disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s848-s849 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciocca ◽  
G. Di Lorenzo ◽  
G. Comite ◽  
E. Limoncin ◽  
D. Mollaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionSexual dysfunctions are frequent in patients with mental illnesses. In particular, anxious and depressive symptomatology often impacts on sexual functioning.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sexual function and psychological symptoms in a group of male patients with depression and anxiety disorders.MethodsFrom outpatients program, we consecutively recruited a group of 46 males: 28 patients had major depression and 18 anxiety disorders. Then, we administered two self-report psychometric tools to assess male sexuality, depression and anxiety, i.e., international index of erectile function (IIEF-15), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). t-tests and Pearson correlations were performed.ResultsWe found significantly higher score in terms of desire and general sexual wellness in people with anxiety disorder compared to people with depression. However, we found more significant correlations among depressive/anxious symptomatology and sexual impairment in males with anxiety disorders compared to males with depression.ConclusionsOur results revealed that males diagnosed with depression show a decrease of sexual desire, as a vast part of literature previously affirmed. On the contrary, the relationship between psychological symptomatology and sexual dysfunction, as the reduction of erectile function, was higher in males with anxiety disorders. This difference is probably due to a major iatrogenic effect of antidepressive treatments in depressed patients, while in anxious patients could be the psychological state, per se, the main cause of sexual dysfunctions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Portal Vein Thrombosis Is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5689
Author(s):  
Simon Johannes Gairing ◽  
Peter Robert Galle ◽  
Jörn M. Schattenberg ◽  
Karel Kostev ◽  
Christian Labenz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a severe disease that adversely affects patients’ well-being. Data on the influence of PVT on the occurrence of depression or anxiety disorders are lacking. This study aimed to explore the impact of PVT on the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders diagnoses in a large German primary care cohort over a ten-year period. Patients with PVT were matched to non-PVT individuals by age, sex, yearly consultation frequency, index year and comorbidities in a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders. The relationship between PVT and both depression and anxiety disorders was investigated using Cox regression models. We compared 547 patients with PVT with 2735 matched individuals without PVT. Within 5 years of the index date, 17.4% of patients with PVT and 9.3% of non-PVT individuals were diagnosed with depression (p < 0.001). Anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 5.5% and 3.0% of patients with PVT and non-PVT individuals, respectively (p = 0.002). On regression analyses, PVT was positively associated with incident depression (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.53–2.64, p < 0.001) as well as anxiety disorders (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.35–3.46, p = 0.001). Regarding depression, this association remained significant in women as well as in men. There was no association between PVT and the incidence of anxiety disorders in women. In conclusion, PVT is associated with the development of depression and anxiety disorders. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings before definitive recommendations can be made.

scholarly journals Myelin Repair: From Animal Models to Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Cayre ◽  
Marie Falque ◽  
Océane Mercier ◽  
Karine Magalon ◽  
Pascale Durbec
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells ◽  
Myelin Repair ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is widely thought that brain repair does not occur, but myelin regeneration provides clear evidence to the contrary. Spontaneous remyelination may occur after injury or in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the efficiency of remyelination varies considerably between MS patients and between the lesions of each patient. Myelin repair is essential for optimal functional recovery, so a profound understanding of the cells and mechanisms involved in this process is required for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe how animal models and modern cell tracing and imaging methods have helped to identify the cell types involved in myelin regeneration. In addition to the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells identified in the 1990s as the principal source of remyelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS), other cell populations, including subventricular zone-derived neural progenitors, Schwann cells, and even spared mature oligodendrocytes, have more recently emerged as potential contributors to CNS remyelination. We will also highlight the conditions known to limit endogenous repair, such as aging, chronic inflammation, and the production of extracellular matrix proteins, and the role of astrocytes and microglia in these processes. Finally, we will present the discrepancies between observations in humans and in rodents, discussing the relationship of findings in experimental models to myelin repair in humans. These considerations are particularly important from a therapeutic standpoint.

scholarly journals Burden of depression and anxiety disorders per disease codes in patients with lymphoma in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Kristin Tilch ◽  
Peter R. Galle ◽  
Jörn M. Schattenberg ◽  
Karel Kostev ◽  
Christian Labenz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the incidence of depression and anxiety disorder diagnoses in a large German cohort of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) diagnoses in comparison to patients without cancer over a 10-year time frame. Methods Patients with HL (n=687) and NHL (n=4130) were matched to cohorts without a cancer diagnosis (n=687 and 4130) by age, sex, and yearly consultation frequency. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders. The relationship between lymphoma, separated into HL and NHL, and both depression and anxiety disorders was investigated using Cox regression models. Results We compared 687 patients with HL with 687 matched non-cancer individuals and 4130 patients with NHL with 4130 matched non-cancer individuals. Within 10 years of the index date, 24.0% of patients with HL and 22.3% of patients with NHL were diagnosed with depression. Anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 6.7% and 5.3% of patients with HL and NHL, respectively. On regression analyses, HL (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.65–3.21, p<0.001) and NHL (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.81–2.41, p<0.001) were positively associated with incident depression. The HR for anxiety disorders was 1.64 (95% CI 1.24–2.16, p<0.001) in patients with NHL, while HL was not associated with incident anxiety disorders (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.71–2.07, p<0.478). Conclusion Lymphoma constitutes a risk factor for emerging depression and anxiety disorders. Following the diagnosis of lymphoma, screening and strategies to prevent the occurrence of these diseases seem warranted.

scholarly journals Cybersex addiction: an overview of the development and treatment of a newly emerging disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Agastya ◽  
Kristiana Siste ◽  
Martina Wiwie Setiawan Nasrun ◽  
Irmia Kusumadewi
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Young People ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

Cybersex addiction is a non-substance related addiction that involves online sexual activity on the internet. Nowadays, various kinds of things related to sex or pornography are easily accessible through internet media. In Indonesia, sexuality is usually assumed taboo but most young people have been exposed to pornography. It can lead to an addiction with many negative effects on users, such as relationships, money, and psychiatric problems like major depression and anxiety disorders. A few instruments may be used to detect cybersex behavior. This review was aimed to provide a comprehensive discussion about cybersex addiction in Indonesian society and the importance of its screening for this condition to enable its early detection and subsequent management. 

The prospect of new anxiolytic principles

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
E.J.L. Griez
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

Novel anxiolytics notwithstanding, in the latest fifteen years there have been no major innovations in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Fascinating research is going on, but real breakthroughs will require adequate models of disease, based on the disordered physiology of each type of pathological anxiety. In this brief overview, we will address both the field of potential anxiolytics in 1997, and the development of new experimental models of anxiety disorders.

CRHR1 Antagonists as Novel Treatment Strategies

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Holsboer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mouse Mutants ◽  
Stress Responsivity ◽  
Animal Models Of Anxiety ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

AbstractResearch has provided considerable evidence for the hypothesis that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the key central coordinator of stress-hormone homeostasis, also plays a role in the development and course of depression and anxiety disorders. Studies using animal models of anxiety, as well as mouse mutants, in which the gene coding for the CRH type 1 receptor (CRHR1) was genetically deleted supported the notion that enhanced CRH/CRHR1 signaling underlies depression and anxiety disorders. Therefore, a number of small nonpeptide molecules that antagonize CRHR1 have been developed. In animal models, these molecules had anxiolytic and other stress-alleviating effects. An initial clinical study showed that CRHR1 antagonism has beneficial effects on depression and anxiety symptoms at doses unharmful to neuroendocrine stress responsivity.

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