The Neurophysiology of Childhood and Adolescent Bipolar Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa P. DelBello ◽  
Caleb M. Adler ◽  
Stephen M. Strakowski
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Future Research Directions

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder often present with higher rates of mixed episodes, rapid cycling, and co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than adults with bipolar disorder. It is unclear whether the differences in clinical presentation between youth and adults with bipolar disorder are due to differences in underlying etiologies or developmental differences in symptom manifestation. Neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder may clarify whether neurobiological abnormalities associated with early-and adult-onset bipolar disorder are distinct. Moreover, children and adolescents with bipolar disorder are typically closer to their illness onset than bipolar adults, providing a window of opportunity for identifying core neurobiological characteristics of the illness (ie, disease biomarkers) that are independent of repeated affective episodes and other confounding factors associated with illness course.Methods: Peer-reviewed publications of neuroimaging studies of bipolar children and adolescents were reviewed.Results: Structural, neurochemical, and neurofunctional abnormalities in prefrontal and medical temporal and subcortical limbic structures, including the striatum, amygdala, and possibly hippocampus, are present in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.Conclusion: Differences between neurobiological abnormalities in bipolar youth and adults as well as recommendations for future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Cognitive and School Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain: A Critical Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D Dick ◽  
Rebecca Pillai Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child’s overall developmental trajectory. There is increasing evidence that chronic pain disrupts cognitive function in adults. Little is known about the nature or impact of cognitive disruption in children and adolescents with chronic pain. The present review examines the current literature related to cognitive function in children and adolescents with chronic pain, implications of these findings and future research directions. Nine studies on this topic were found, with a relatively recent increase in publications related to school attendance and subjective studies of school performance. The studies that were found on this topic suggested that chronic pain affects cognitive function in children but the scope of these effects on children’s function and developmental trajectories is not yet clear. While methodological issues surely make it difficult to study cognitive function in children with chronic pain, the potential gains from such research warrant a pursuit of such work. Much remains to be studied on this important topic.

Child and Adolescent Depression

Depression ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 399-417
Author(s):  
Andrew Diederich ◽  
Jessica M. Jones ◽  
Graham J. Emslie
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Irritable Mood

Early onset depression is prevalent and causes significant morbidity, mortality, and psychosocial impairment. Evidence-based psychosocial and psychopharmacological treatments are available for depressed youth, but many children and adolescents do not receive sufficient treatment. Pediatric and adult depressive disorders involve essentially the same symptoms, with the exception of irritability, as depressed youth may present with irritable mood in the absence of explicit sadness. This chapter examines aspects of depression that are unique to children and adolescents. It focuses on diagnosis and symptomatology, epidemiology, and pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and other treatments. The chapter also addresses barriers to treatment of early onset depression and future research directions.

Treating Trauma-Related Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Pollio ◽  
Felicia Neubauer ◽  
Esther Deblinger
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Trauma Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Scientific Questions

The significant impact of trauma on children is well documented. This chapter focuses on trauma-specific treatments for children and adolescents that have at least two randomized controlled trials in which one or more standardized outcome measures were used. These treatments address varying traumas, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, exposure to violence or loss, and disasters. The efficacy of one such treatment, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), has been documented in over 50 scientific studies, including 22 randomized trials. A more detailed description of TF-CBT is presented in the chapter. Also discussed are future research directions, including specific scientific questions, to advance our knowledge about trauma treatment for children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Strength-based interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
René T Proyer ◽  
Fabian Gander ◽  
Nancy Tandler
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Positive Psychology Interventions ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Future Research Directions

Positive psychology has revived psychology’s abandoned interest in the study of morally positively valued traits (the so-called character strengths) and virtues. We review literature generated on strength-based approaches and focus on applications in the so-called positive psychology interventions. There seems to be great potential in this approach for research in the field of giftedness and, of course, also when practically working with gifted children and adolescents. We highlight some ideas for future research directions.

Games Improving Disorders of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity

2012 ◽  
pp. 1160-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Espírito Santo ◽  
Rui Rijo ◽  
João Monteiro ◽  
Inês Henriques ◽  
Ana Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Creation

In Portugal, there are between 35 000 to 75 000 children suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The need to act prominently in children with these disorders suggests the creation of various serious games that can be executed with a computer, aiding affected children and assisting health professionals. This chapter presents two games that intend to help children to improve their capacity to speed information processing, enhance executive functions, and enhance use of working memory by performing a set of exercises presented in the form of educational games. It also enables the assisting physician to monitor the execution of these exercises. With the completion of the tasks of the games, children may, in an appealing way, improve their skills and thereby overcome their difficulties. This chapter presents the research methodology followed to the creation of the games, and the preliminary promising tests. Future research directions are also discussed.

scholarly journals Mild traumatic brain injury and postconcussive symptoms in children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEITH OWEN YEATES
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Mild Tbi ◽  
Postconcussive Symptoms ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThe vast majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in children are of mild severity. Even if only a small proportion of children with mild TBI suffer negative outcomes, then mild TBI is a serious public health problem. This review summarizes the literature regarding the neurobehavioral outcomes associated with mild TBI in children and adolescents, focusing on the longstanding debate regarding postconcussive symptoms and attendant conceptual and methodological issues. The review also discusses future research directions, the long-term goal of which is to develop a comprehensive and integrated biopsychosocial model of outcomes that helps guide clinical management. (JINS, 2010,16, 953–960.)

Bipolar Disorder and Epilepsy: A Bidirectional Relation? Neurobiological Underpinnings, Current Hypotheses, and Future Research Directions

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Mazza ◽  
Marco Di Nicola ◽  
Giacomo Della Marca ◽  
Luigi Janiri ◽  
Pietro Bria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Assistive Technologies for Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Leila Goosen
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
General Perspective

The purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with an overview of the latest research on assistive technologies, especially as related to children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). While introducing and describing the general perspective of the chapter as specifically focusing on objectives in terms of children and adolescents with ASDs, background that summarizes the content of this chapter as also consisting of significant results with regard to young and older adults as well as references to other connected conditions will be included. Issues, problems, and challenges in this regard are presented, together with possible solutions and recommendations, future research directions, and concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Medication Strategies in Childhood Aggression: A Review

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindley Bassarath
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Childhood Aggression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Future Research Directions

Objective: To review studies of psychopharmacological management of aggression in common childhood psychiatric disorders. Method: Using OVID software, we searched Medline for studies that were undertaken in the last 30 years. Controlled and uncontrolled data are summarized for each condition. Results: A paucity of evidence-based information currently exists. Even so, specific indications from the existing literature can be suggested for several classes of psychotropics, particularly in conduct disorder (CD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorders, and other conditions. Conclusions: Clinicians can use findings from reviewed controlled and, where necessary, uncontrolled studies to inform pharmacologic practice. This review offers suggestions for future research directions that will aid clinical practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document