Selective Unilateral Autonomic Activation: Implications for Psychiatry

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Autonomic Activation ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Forced Breathing ◽  
Autonomic Reflex

ABSTRACTResearch advances have led to three methods for selectively activating one half of the autonomic nervous system in humans.The first method is an ancient yogic technique called unilateral forced nostril breathing (UFNB) that employs forced breathing through only one nostril while closing off the other. The second method works by stimulation of an autonomic reflex point on the fifth intercostal space near the axilla. The most recent method employs unilateral vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) via the mid-inferior cervical branch and requires surgical implantation of a wire and pacemaker. UFNB is non-invasive and seems to selectively activate the ipsilateral branch of the sympathetic nervous system with a possible compensation effect leading to contralateral VNS. UFNB and VNS have been employed to treat psychiatric disorders. While UFNB has been studied for its potential effects on the endogenous ultradian rhythms of the autonomic and central nervous system, and their tightly coupled correlates, VNS has yet to be studied in this regard. This article reviews these three methods and discusses their similarities, putative mechanisms, their studied effects on the endogenous autonomic nervous system and central nervous system rhythms, and their implications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Fractal fluctuations in the cardiovascular dynamical system : from the autonomic control to the central nervous system influence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Hasan Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Dynamic Feature ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Factorization Technique ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The fractal component in the complex fluctuations of the human heart rate represents a dynamic feature that is widely observed in diverse fields of natural and artificial systems. It is also of clinical significance as the diminishing of the fractal dynamics appears to correlate with heart disease processes and adverse cardiac events in old age. While the autonomic nervous system directly controls the pacemaker cells of the heart, it does not provide an immediate characterization of the complex heart rate variability (HRV). The central nervous system (CNS) is known to be an important modulator for various cardiac functions. However, its role in the fractal HRV is largely unclear. In this research, human experiments were conducted to study the influence of the central nervous system on fractal dynamics of healthy human HRV. The head up tilt (HUT) maneuver is used to provide a perturbation to the autonomic nervous system. The subsequent fractal effect in the simultaneously recorded electroencephalography and beat-to-beat heart rate data was examined. Using the recently developed multifractal factorization technique, the common multifractality in the data fluctuation was analyzed. An empirical relationship was uncovered which shows the increase (decrease) in HRV multifractality is associated with the increase (decrease) in multifractal correlation between scale-free HRV and the cortical expression of the brain dynamics in 8 out of 11 healthy subjects. This observation is further supported using surrogate analysis. The present findings imply that there is an integrated central-autonomic component underlying the cortical expression of the HRV fractal dynamics. It is proposed that the central element should be incorporated in the fractal HRV analysis to gain a more comprehensive and better characterization of the scale-free HRV dynamics. This study provides the first contribution to the HRV multifractal dynamics analysis in HUT. The multivariate fractal analysis using factorization technique is also new and can be applied in the more general context in complex dynamics research.

Serotonin Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Gobeske ◽  
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Serotonin Syndrome ◽  
Neuromuscular System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Serotonin Toxicity

Serotonin syndrome affects the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the neuromuscular system and can have acute and potentially life-threatening manifestations. By definition, serotonin syndrome is associated with changes in serotonin exposure and thus might be described more accurately as serotonergic excess or serotonin toxicity. The central nervous system effects of serotonin involve regulation of attention, arousal, mood, learning, appetite, and temperature.

Classification of Individuals Based on Autonomic Response to Virtual Gaming

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4385-4393
Author(s):  
S. Chandana ◽  
B. R. Purnima ◽  
Prabhu Ravikala Vittal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive

Modern games consists of digital gaming consoles that involves interaction with a user and has an interface to generate visual feedback through 2D/3D monitor. These games have several psychological side effects like loss of spatial awareness, back pains, insomnia, addiction, aggression, stress, and hypertension. Virtual reality (VR) Gaming is one of the most emerging and novel technologies in the field of entertainment. Evaluation of this new technology has become important in order to analyze the effects of its predecessors (2D and 3D gaming). The main focus of this paper is on detection of stress levels in individuals due to VR gaming and classify them depending on their sympathetic and parasympathetic dominance. This is done through acquisition of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photo plethysmograph signals (PPG) signals and extracting their time domain and frequency domain features before, during and after gaming (Fatma Uysal and Mahmut Tokmakçi, 2018. Evaluation of stress parameters based on heart rate variability measurement. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. [email protected], [email protected]., da Silva1, A.G.C.B., Arauj, D.N., et al, 2018. Increase in perceived stress is correlated to lower heart rate variability in healthy young subjects. Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. s/n., 81531–980, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected].). The physiological signal variation is analyzed by performing Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis over ECG signals which is one of the fast emerging methods in non-invasive research and clinical tools for assessing autonomic nervous system function (Juan Sztajzel, 2004. Heart rate variability: Aa non-invasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system. Cardiology Center and Medical Policlinics, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland, SWISS MED WKLY 2004;134:514–522. www.smw.ch). Pulse-transmissiontime-variability (PTTV), which is extracted, has high coherence with heart rate variability and is also used as an objective measure of stress. In this paper we obtain the response of an individual during VR gaming and correlate them with the HRV/PTT parameters. The game chosen for the data acquisition was ‘VR city view rope crossing-360 android VR,’ during which data recording is done. It was found that there was a quantitative increase in physiological stress when individuals were exposed to virtual high heights in comparison with time relative to unaltered viewing. Mean Heart rate showed a significant increase during gaming for both boys and girls which indicates that the body is under the influence of a sympathetic activity like a physical exercise.

From the Symbolic Stimulus to the Pathophysiological Response: Neurophysiological Mechanisms

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Emotion Memory

The neurobiological basis of psychopathology is surveyed with emphasis upon reciprocal balances between opposing ergotropic and trophotropic systems with their central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS) and neuroendocrine components. The anatomical sites, neurophysiological interconnections, and neurochemical transmitters which subserve functions of arousal, attention, perception, motion, emotion, memory, and learning are outlined. Mechanisms whereby disorders of psychophysiologic, somatopsychic and classically organic type may be triggered through such neurobiological pathways are suggested.

Non-invasive brain stimulation and the autonomic nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 1716-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Schestatsky ◽  
Marcel Simis ◽  
Roy Freeman ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Felipe Fregni
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive
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