CHOOSING AND USING SELF-HELP MATERIALS

Self-help approaches are popular with patients and can be effective treatments for common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression (Gould & Clum, 1993; Marrs, 1995; Scogin, Bynum, Stephens, & Calhoon, 1990; and Cuijpers, 1997). In spite of this, it is clear that a number of factors should also influence us in how we choose and use self-help materials with our patients.

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Preliminary evaluation of a culturally adapted CBT-based online programme for depression and anxiety from a lower middle-income country

The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist ◽

10.1017/s1754470x21000313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Madeeha Latif ◽

Falahat Awan ◽

Mirrat Gul ◽

M. Omair Husain ◽

M. Ishrat Husain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Middle Income ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Self Help ◽

Culturally Adapted

Abstract Online cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), self-help and guided self-help (GSH) interventions have been found to be efficacious and cost-effective for treatment of anxiety and depression, but there are limited data from low- and middle-income countries on culturally adapted digital interventions for these common mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of an online culturally adapted CBT-based guided self-help (CaCBT-GSH) for patients with anxiety and depression in Pakistan. This randomized controlled trial recruited 39 participants from primary care in Karachi, Pakistan and randomized them to two groups. The intervention group received seven modules of CaCBT-GSH plus treatment as usual (TAU) over 12 weeks. The control group was a waitlist control plus TAU. The primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Clinical outcomes included results from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2). Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 12 weeks. All 39 individuals who met eligibility criteria for the study agreed to participate. Adherence to the intervention was excellent, with 85% (17/20) completing more than five modules. Statistically significant improvements were found in all clinical outcomes in the intervention group. This was the first trial of an online CaCBT-GSH intervention, which was found to be feasible and acceptable to Pakistani patients with anxiety and depression. CaCBT-GSH may help improve symptoms, depression, anxiety and overall functioning in this population. The results provide rationale for a larger, confirmatory randomized controlled trial of digital CaCBT-GSH. Key learning aims (1) Leveraging digital and virtual platforms to deliver psychosocial interventions may contribute to addressing the significant treatment gap in low-resource settings. (2) CBT-informed guided self-help is feasible and acceptable in the treatment of common mental disorders in Pakistan. (3) The results of this study merit a larger, appropriately powered confirmatory randomized controlled trial to determine clinical and cost effectiveness.

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The Influence of Social Factors on Common Mental Disorders

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.156.5.704 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 156 (5) ◽

pp. 704-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

David Goldberg ◽

Keith Bridges ◽

Diane Cook ◽

Barbara Evans ◽

David Grayson

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Social Factors ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Over Time

This study distinguishes between processes that cause individuals to experience symptoms – destabilisation – and those that are associated with loss of symptoms over time – restitution. It is shown that different clinical, social, and personality variables are associated with each of these processes. Where destabilisation is concerned, it is shown that different variables were associated with the development of symptoms of anxiety and those of depression. Different variables were associated with restitution, and they did not show the same relationship with the symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression as those which were associated with destabilisation.

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P53 The associations between common mental disorders (anxiety and depression) and socio-economic and demographic factors in two russian cities

10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.177 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

S Cook ◽

AV Kudryavtsev ◽

N Bobrova ◽

S Malyutina ◽

DA Leon

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Anxiety And Depression

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Using five questions to screen for five common mental disorders in primary care: diagnostic accuracy of the Anxiety and Depression Detector

General Hospital Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.08.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 108-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Adrienne J. Means-Christensen ◽

Cathy D. Sherbourne ◽

Peter P. Roy-Byrne ◽

Michelle G. Craske ◽

Murray B. Stein

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Anxiety And Depression

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Case-finding for common mental disorders of anxiety and depression in primary care: an external validation of routinely collected data

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making ◽

10.1186/s12911-016-0274-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Ann John ◽

Joanne McGregor ◽

David Fone ◽

Frank Dunstan ◽

Rosie Cornish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

External Validation ◽

Case Finding ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Routinely Collected Data

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Common mental disorders and mortality in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: comparing the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2012-201927 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 558-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mary Kathleen Hannah ◽

G David Batty ◽

Michaela Benzeval

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

General Health ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

The West

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CHALLENGING THE MYTH OF AN “EPIDEMIC” OF COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS: TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION BETWEEN 1990 AND 2010

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.22230 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 506-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Amanda J. Baxter ◽

Kate M. Scott ◽

Alize J. Ferrari ◽

Rosana E. Norman ◽

Theo Vos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Global Prevalence

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Guided self-help in a brave new world

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.2017.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 212 (2) ◽

pp. 65-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jaime Delgadillo

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽

New World ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Behavioural Therapy ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Self Help ◽

Cognitive Behavioural ◽

Brave New World

SummaryCognitive–behavioural therapy self-help offers an accessible and efficient way to treat common mental disorders. The evidence-based self-help movement has an important foothold in the healthcare arena. This article surveys the emergence of self-help at a particular social and historical junction, and summarises key lessons from experimental and practice-based studies.Declaration of interestNone.

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Stepped care in primary care – guided self-help and face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for common mental disorders: a randomized controlled trial

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291717003129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1644-1654 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sigrid Salomonsson ◽

Fredrik Santoft ◽

Elin Lindsäter ◽

Kersti Ejeby ◽

Brjánn Ljótsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Behavioural Therapy ◽

Stepped Care ◽

Care Model ◽

Face To Face ◽

Self Help ◽

Cognitive Behavioural ◽

Remission Rates

AbstractBackgroundCommon mental disorders (CMD) cause large suffering and high societal costs. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can effectively treat CMD, but access to treatment is insufficient. Guided self-help (GSH) CBT, has shown effects comparable with face-to-face CBT. However, not all patients respond to GSH, and stepping up non-responders to face-to-face CBT, could yield larger response rates. The aim was to test a stepped care model for CMD in primary care by first evaluating the effects of GSH-CBT and secondly, for non-responders, evaluating the additional effect of face-to-face CBT.MethodsConsecutive patients (N = 396) with a principal disorder of depression, anxiety, insomnia, adjustment or exhaustion disorder were included. In Step I, all patients received GSH-CBT. In Step II, non-responders were randomized to face-to-face CBT or continued GSH. The primary outcome was remission status, defined as a score below a pre-established cutoff on a validated disorder-specific scale.ResultsAfter GSH-CBT in Step I, 40% of patients were in remission. After Step II, 39% of patients following face-to-face CBT were in remission compared with 19% of patients after continued GSH (p = 0.004). Using this stepped care model required less than six therapy sessions per patient and led to an overall remission rate of 63%.ConclusionsStepped care can be effective and resource-efficient to treat CMD in primary care, leading to high remission rates with limited therapist resources. Face-to-face CBT speeded up recovery compared with continued GSH. At follow-ups after 6 and 12 months, remission rates were similar in the two groups.

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