scholarly journals Beyond Laterality: A Critical Assessment of Research on the Neural Basis of Metaphor

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
GWENDA L. SCHMIDT ◽  
ALEXANDER KRANJEC ◽  
EILEEN R. CARDILLO ◽  
ANJAN CHATTERJEE
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Plausible Model ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
The Right

AbstractMetaphors are a fundamental aspect of human cognition. The major neuropsychological hypothesis that metaphoric processing relies primarily on the right hemisphere is not confirmed consistently. We propose ways to advance our understanding of the neuropsychology of metaphor that go beyond simple laterality. Neuropsychological studies need to more carefully control confounding lexical and sentential factors, and consider the role of different parts of speech as they are extended metaphorically. They need to incorporate recent theoretical frameworks such as the career of metaphor theory, and address factors such as novelty. We also advocate the use of new methods such as voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, which permits precise and formal tests of hypotheses correlating behavior with lesions sites. Finally, we outline a plausible model for the neural basis of metaphor. (JINS, 2010, 16, 1–5.)

scholarly journals Patients with Lesions to Left Prefrontal Cortex (BA 9 and BA 10) Have Less Entrenched Beliefs and Are More Skeptical Reasoners

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1674-1688
Author(s):  
Vinod Goel ◽  
Miriam Marling ◽  
Vanessa Raymont ◽  
Frank Krueger ◽  
Jordan Grafman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal Controls

The effect of prior beliefs on reasoning and decision-making is a robust, poorly understood phenomenon, exhibiting considerable individual variation. Neuroimaging studies widely show the involvement of the left pFC in reasoning involving beliefs. However, little patient data exist to speak to the necessity and role of the left pFC in belief-based inference. To address this shortcoming, we tested 102 patients with unilateral focal penetrating traumatic brain injuries and 49 matched controls. Participants provided plausibility ratings (plausible/implausible) to simple inductive arguments and (separately) strength of believability ratings of the conclusion to those same arguments. A voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis identified 10 patients, all with lesions to the left pFC (BA 9 and BA 10) as rating significantly fewer arguments with highly believable conclusions as “plausible,” compared with all other patients. Subsequent analyses, incorporating the right hemisphere homologue of these patients ( n = 12) and normal controls ( n = 24), revealed patients with lesions to left pFC found fewer arguments plausible in the high believable than either of these groups, and there was no difference in the behavioral scores of the right pFC patients and normal controls. Further analysis, utilizing the belief ratings as the dependent measure, revealed a Group × Belief Rating interaction, with left pFC patients having less intense beliefs about the conclusions of moderately believable and highly believable arguments. We interpreted these results to indicate that lesions to left pFC (BA 9, BA 10) increase incredulity and make these patients more skeptical reasoners. The former can partially, but not fully, explain the latter. The other relevant factor may be that unilateral left pFC lesions disrupt hemispheric equilibrium and allow for an increased inhibitory role of the right pFC. We speculate that individual differences in belief bias in reasoning in the normal population may be a function of individual differences in the left and right pFC interactional dynamics.

scholarly journals Are visual working memory and episodic memory distinct processes? Insight from stroke patients by lesion-symptom mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Lugtmeijer ◽  
◽  
Linda Geerligs ◽  
Frank Erik de Leeuw ◽  
Edward H. F. de Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Criterion Setting ◽  
The Right

AbstractWorking memory and episodic memory are two different processes, although the nature of their interrelationship is debated. As these processes are predominantly studied in isolation, it is unclear whether they crucially rely on different neural substrates. To obtain more insight in this, 81 adults with sub-acute ischemic stroke and 29 elderly controls were assessed on a visual working memory task, followed by a surprise subsequent memory test for the same stimuli. Multivariate, atlas- and track-based lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) analyses were performed to identify anatomical correlates of visual memory. Behavioral results gave moderate evidence for independence between discriminability in working memory and subsequent memory, and strong evidence for a correlation in response bias on the two tasks in stroke patients. LSM analyses suggested there might be independent regions associated with working memory and episodic memory. Lesions in the right arcuate fasciculus were more strongly associated with discriminability in working memory than in subsequent memory, while lesions in the frontal operculum in the right hemisphere were more strongly associated with criterion setting in subsequent memory. These findings support the view that some processes involved in working memory and episodic memory rely on separate mechanisms, while acknowledging that there might also be shared processes.

scholarly journals The Right Hemisphere Is Responsible for the Greatest Differences in Human Brain Response to High-Arousing Emotional versus Neutral Stimuli: A MEG Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Mina Kheirkhah ◽  
Philipp Baumbach ◽  
Lutz Leistritz ◽  
Otto W. Witte ◽  
Martin Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants

Studies investigating human brain response to emotional stimuli—particularly high-arousing versus neutral stimuli—have obtained inconsistent results. The present study was the first to combine magnetoencephalography (MEG) with the bootstrapping method to examine the whole brain and identify the cortical regions involved in this differential response. Seventeen healthy participants (11 females, aged 19 to 33 years; mean age, 26.9 years) were presented with high-arousing emotional (pleasant and unpleasant) and neutral pictures, and their brain responses were measured using MEG. When random resampling bootstrapping was performed for each participant, the greatest differences between high-arousing emotional and neutral stimuli during M300 (270–320 ms) were found to occur in the right temporo-parietal region. This finding was observed in response to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. The results, which may be more robust than previous studies because of bootstrapping and examination of the whole brain, reinforce the essential role of the right hemisphere in emotion processing.

The role of the right hemisphere in processing negative sentences in context

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina D'Urso ◽  
Gianfranco Denes ◽  
Stefano Testa ◽  
Carlo Semenza
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
The Right

Metaphors and verbal creativity: The role of the right hemisphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Gold ◽  
Miriam Faust ◽  
Elisheva Ben-Artzi
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Creativity ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Studies on semantic priming effects in right hemisphere stroke: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Juliana de Lima Müller ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT The role of the right cerebral hemisphere (RH) associated with semantic priming effects (SPEs) must be better understood, since the consequences of RH damage on SPE are not yet well established. Objective: The aim of this article was to investigate studies analyzing SPEs in patients affected by stroke in the RH through a systematic review, verifying whether there are deficits in SPEs, and whether performance varies depending on the type of semantic processing evaluated or stimulus in the task. Methods: A search was conducted on the LILACS, PUBMED and PSYCINFO databases. Results: Out of the initial 27 studies identified, 11 remained in the review. Difficulties in SPEs were shown in five studies. Performance does not seem to vary depending on the type of processing, but on the type of stimulus used. Conclusion: This ability should be evaluated in individuals that have suffered a stroke in the RH in order to provide treatments that will contribute to their recovery.

Brain asymmetry, immunity, handedness

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatislav Stoyanov ◽  
Lyoubka Decheva ◽  
Irina Pashalieva ◽  
Piareta Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe principle of symmetry-asymmetry is widely presented in the structural and functional organization of the nonliving and living nature. One of the most complex manifestations of this principle is the left-right asymmetry of the human brain. The present review summarizes previous and contemporary literary data regarding the role of brain asymmetry in neuroimmunomodulation. Some handedness-related peculiarities are outlined additionally. Brain asymmetry is considered to be imprinted in the formation and regulation of the individual’s responses and relationships at an immunological level with the external and internal environment. The assumptions that the hemispheres modulate immune response in an asymmetric manner have been confirmed in experiments on animals. Some authors assume that the right hemisphere plays an indirect role in neuroimmunomodulation, controlling and suppressing the left hemispheric inductive signals.

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