Age Differences in Hippocampus-Cortex Connectivity during True and False Memory Retrieval

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1031-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Paz-Alonso ◽  
Pamela Gallego ◽  
Simona Ghetti
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Associative Strength ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
High Association ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Functional Patterns

AbstractThe present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated developmental differences in functional connectivity associated with true and false memory retrieval. A sample of 8- to 9-year-olds and adults (N = 31) was assessed with the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, known to induce high levels of false recognition of lures that are semantically associated with studied items. The strength of semantic association among list items was manipulated. Relative to children, adults correctly recognized more studied items and falsely recognized more critical lures. High-association lists resulted in higher recognition of both studied items and critical lures. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that, overall, true recognition was supported by coupling within two hippocampal-temporal and fronto-parietal set of regions; in contrast, coupling among more distributed hippocampal-temporal-parietal-frontal regions was observed during false recognition. Critically, adults, compared to children, exhibited stronger hippocampal/parietal coupling and stronger hippocampal/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) coupling for veridical recognition of high-associative strength items. In contrast, children, compared to adults, exhibited stronger hippocampus/ventrolateral PFC coupling and stronger bilateral middle-temporal gyrus/ventrolateral PFC coupling for high-associative strength critical lures. Our results underscored a role for the anterior hippocampus in true and false recognition, showing different functional patterns as a function of age and association strength. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

scholarly journals Questioning the Role of Forward Associative Strength in False Memories: Evidence From Deese-Roediger-McDermott Lists With Three Critical Lures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soledad Beato ◽  
Jason Arndt
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Associative Strength ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Drm Paradigm ◽  
Backward Associative Strength

We report an experiment examining the factors that produce false recognition in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. We selectively manipulated the probability that critical lures produce study items in free association, known as forward associative strength (FAS), while controlling the probability that study items produce critical lures in free association, known as backward associative strength (BAS). Results showed that false recognition of critical lures failed to differ between strong and weak FAS conditions. Follow-up correlational analyses further supported this outcome, showing that FAS was not correlated with false recognition, despite substantial variability in both variables across our stimulus sets. However, these correlational analyses did produce a significant and strong relationship between BAS and false recognition. These results support views that propose false memory is produced by activation spreading from study items to critical lures during encoding, which leads critical lures to be confused with episodically-experienced events.

scholarly journals Cerebellar and Prefrontal Cortical Alterations in PTSD: Structural and Functional Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701878639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie E. Holmes ◽  
Dustin Scheinost ◽  
Nicole DellaGioia ◽  
Margaret T. Davis ◽  
David Matuskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Ptsd Group

Background Neuroimaging studies have revealed that disturbances in network organization of key brain regions may underlie cognitive and emotional dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Examining both brain structure and function in the same population may further our understanding of network alterations in PTSD. Methods We used tensor-based morphometry and intrinsic connectivity distribution to identify regions of altered volume and functional connectivity in unmedicated individuals with PTSD ( n = 21) and healthy comparison participants ( n = 18). These regions were then used as seeds for follow-up anatomical covariance and functional connectivity analyses. Results Smaller volume in the cerebellum and weaker structural covariance between the cerebellum seed and the middle temporal gyrus were observed in the PTSD group. Individuals with PTSD also exhibited lower whole-brain connectivity in the cerebellum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and medial prefrontal cortex. Functional connectivity in the cerebellum and grey matter volume in the dlPFC were negatively correlated with PTSD severity as measured by the DSM-5 PTSD Checklist (PCL-5; r = −.0.77, r = − 0.79). Finally, seed connectivity revealed weaker connectivity within nodes of the central executive network (right and left dlPFC), and between nodes of the default mode network (medial prefrontal cortex and cerebellum) and the supramarginal gyrus, in the PTSD group. Conclusion We demonstrate structural and functional alterations in PTSD converging on the PFC and cerebellum. Whilst PFC alterations are relatively well established in PTSD, the cerebellum has not generally been considered a key region in PTSD. Our findings add to a growing evidence base implicating cerebellar involvement in the pathophysiology of PTSD.

scholarly journals Prefrontal Activity and Diagnostic Monitoring of Memory Retrieval: fMRI of the Criterial Recollection Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gallo ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
False Recognition ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Picture Memory ◽  
Colored Picture ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Distinctiveness Heuristic

According to the distinctiveness heuristic, subjects rely more on detailed recollections (and less on familiarity) when memory is tested for pictures relative to words, leading to reduced false recognition. If so, then neural regions that have been implicated in effortful postretrieval monitoring (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) might be recruited less heavily when trying to remember pictures. We tested this prediction with the criterial recollection task. Subjects studied black words, paired with either the same word in red font or a corresponding colored picture. Red words were repeated at study to equate recognition hits for red words and pictures. During fMRI scanning, alternating red word memory tests and picture memory tests were given, using only white words as test stimuli (say “yes” only if you recollect a corresponding red word or picture, respectively). These tests were designed so that subjects had to rely on memory for the criterial information. Replicating prior behavioral work, we found enhanced rejection of lures on the picture test compared to the red word test, indicating that subjects had used a distinctiveness heuristic. Critically, dorsolateral prefrontal activity was reduced when rejecting familiar lures on the picture test, relative to the red word test. These findings indicate that reducing false recognition via the distinctiveness heuristic is not heavily dependent on frontally mediated postretrieval monitoring processes.

Effects of unilateral deactivations of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex on saccadic eye movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Koval ◽  
R. Matthew Hutchison ◽  
Stephen G. Lomber ◽  
Stefan Everling
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Single Neuron Recording

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have both been implicated in the cognitive control of saccadic eye movements by single neuron recording studies in nonhuman primates and functional imaging studies in humans, but their relative roles remain unclear. Here, we reversibly deactivated either dlPFC or ACC subregions in macaque monkeys while the animals performed randomly interleaved pro- and antisaccades. In addition, we explored the whole-brain functional connectivity of these two regions by applying a seed-based resting-state functional MRI analysis in a separate cohort of monkeys. We found that unilateral dlPFC deactivation had stronger behavioral effects on saccades than unilateral ACC deactivation, and that the dlPFC displayed stronger functional connectivity with frontoparietal areas than the ACC. We suggest that the dlPFC plays a more prominent role in the preparation of pro- and antisaccades than the ACC.

Anesthesia-induced Suppression of Human Dorsal Anterior Insula Responsivity at Loss of Volitional Behavioral Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Elizabeth Warnaby ◽  
Marta Seretny ◽  
Roísín Ní Mhuircheartaigh ◽  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Saad Jbabdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Behavioral Responsiveness ◽  
Insula Cortex ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conjunction Analysis ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract Background It has been postulated that a small cortical region could be responsible for the loss of behavioral responsiveness (LOBR) during general anesthesia. The authors hypothesize that any brain region demonstrating reduced activation to multisensory external stimuli around LOBR represents a key cortical gate underlying this transition. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize that this localized suppression is associated with breakdown in frontoparietal communication. Methods During both simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) and electroencephalography data acquisition, 15 healthy volunteers experienced an ultraslow induction with propofol anesthesia while a paradigm of multisensory stimulation (i.e., auditory tones, words, and noxious pain stimuli) was presented. The authors performed separate analyses to identify changes in (1) stimulus-evoked activity, (2) functional connectivity, and (3) frontoparietal synchrony associated with LOBR. Results By using an FMRI conjunction analysis, the authors demonstrated that stimulus-evoked activity was suppressed in the right dorsal anterior insula cortex (dAIC) to all sensory modalities around LOBR. Furthermore, the authors found that the dAIC had reduced functional connectivity with the frontoparietal regions, specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule, after LOBR. Finally, reductions in the electroencephalography power synchrony between electrodes located in these frontoparietal regions were observed in the same subjects after LOBR. Conclusions The authors conclude that the dAIC is a potential cortical gate responsible for LOBR. Suppression of dAIC activity around LOBR was associated with disruption in the frontoparietal networks that was measurable using both electroencephalography synchrony and FMRI connectivity analyses.

scholarly journals Altered Long- and Short-Range Functional Connectivity in Patients with Betel Quid Dependence: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1626-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Guangming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mri Study

Objective: Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease. Brain structural abnormalities may constitute an abnormal neural network that underlies the risk of drug dependence. We hypothesized that individuals with Betel Quid Dependence (BQD) have functional connectivity alterations that can be described by long- and short-range functional connectivity density(FCD) maps. Methods: We tested this hypothesis using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from subjects of the Han ethnic group in Hainan, China. Here, we examined BQD individuals (n = 33) and age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 32) in a rs-fMRI study to observe FCD alterations associated with the severity of BQD. Results: Compared with HCs, long-range FCD was decreased in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and increased in the left cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in the BQD group. Short-range FCD was reduced in the right ACC and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and increased in the left CPL. The short-range FCD alteration in the right ACC displayed a negative correlation with the Betel Quid Dependence Scale (BQDS) (r=-0.432, P=0.012), and the long-range FCD alteration of left IPL showed a positive correlation with the duration of BQD(r=0.519, P=0.002) in BQD individuals. Conclusions: fMRI revealed differences in long- and short- range FCD in BQD individuals, and these alterations might be due to BQ chewing, BQ dependency, or risk factors for developing BQD.

scholarly journals Organization of cortico-cortical pathways supporting memory retrieval across subregions of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Barredo ◽  
Timothy D. Verstynen ◽  
David Badre
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity Analysis

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence indicates that different subregions of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) participate in distinct cortical networks. These networks have been shown to support separable cognitive functions: anterior VLPFC [inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars orbitalis] functionally correlates with a ventral fronto-temporal network associated with top-down influences on memory retrieval, while mid-VLPFC (IFG pars triangularis) functionally correlates with a dorsal fronto-parietal network associated with postretrieval control processes. However, it is not known to what extent subregional differences in network affiliation and function are driven by differences in the organization of underlying white matter pathways. We used high-angular-resolution diffusion spectrum imaging and functional connectivity analysis in unanesthetized humans to address whether the organization of white matter connectivity differs between subregions of VLPFC. Our results demonstrate a ventral-dorsal division within IFG. Ventral IFG as a whole connects broadly to lateral temporal cortex. Although several different individual white matter tracts form connections between ventral IFG and lateral temporal cortex, functional connectivity analysis of fMRI data indicates that these are part of the same ventral functional network. By contrast, across subdivisions, dorsal IFG was connected with the midfrontal gyrus and correlated as a separate dorsal functional network. These qualitative differences in white matter organization within larger macroanatomical subregions of VLPFC support prior functional distinctions among these regions observed in task-based and functional connectivity fMRI studies. These results are consistent with the proposal that anatomical connectivity is a crucial determinant of systems-level functional organization of frontal cortex and the brain in general.

Going Their Separate Ways: Dissociation of Hippocampal and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Activation during Episodic Retrieval and Post-retrieval Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Israel ◽  
Tyler M. Seibert ◽  
Michelle L. Black ◽  
James B. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Hippocampal activity is modulated during episodic memory retrieval. Most consistently, a relative increase in activity during confident retrieval is observed. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is also activated during retrieval, but may be more generally activated during cognitive-control processes. The “default network,” regions activated during rest or internally focused tasks, includes the hippocampus, but not DLPFC. Therefore, DLPFC and the hippocampus should diverge during difficult tasks suppressing the default network. It is unclear, however, whether a difficult episodic memory retrieval task would suppress the default network due to difficulty or activate it due to internally directed attention. We hypothesized that a task requiring episodic retrieval followed by rumination on the retrieved item would increase DLPFC activity, but paradoxically reduce hippocampal activity due to concomitant suppression of the default network. In the present study, blocked and event-related fMRI were used to examine hippocampal activity during episodic memory recollection and postretrieval processing of paired associates. Subjects were asked to make living/nonliving judgments about items visually presented (classify) or items retrieved from memory (recall–classify). Active and passive baselines were used to differentiate task-related activity from default-network activity. During the “recall–classify” task, anterior hippocampal activity was selectively reduced relative to “classify” and baseline tasks, and this activity was inversely correlated with DLPFC. Reaction time was positively correlated with DLPFC activation and default-network/hippocampal suppression. The findings demonstrate that frontal and hippocampal activity are dissociated during difficult episodic retrieval tasks and reveal important considerations for interpreting hippocampal activity associated with successful episodic retrieval.

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