Facets of Pantomime

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Frontal Lesions ◽  
Double Dissociations ◽  
Characteristic Motor

AbstractObjectives: Exploring the nature of defective pantomime in apraxia. Methods: Critical review of behavioral associations and dissociations between defective pantomime, imitation of gestures, and real tool use. Analysis of congruencies between crucial lesions for pantomime, imitation, and tool use. Results: There are behavioral double dissociations between pantomime and imitation, and their cerebral substrates show very little overlap. Whereas defective pantomime is bound to temporal and inferior frontal lesions, imitation is mainly affected by parietal lesions. Pantomime usually replicates the motor actions of real use but on scrutiny there are important differences between the movements of real use and of pantomime that cast doubt on the assumption that pantomime is produced by the same motor programs as actual use. A more plausible proposal posits that pantomime is a communicative gesture that uses manual actions for conveying information about objects and their use. The manual actions are constructed by selection and combination of distinctive features of tools and actions. They frequently include replications of characteristic motor actions of real use, but the main criterion for selection and modification of features is the comprehensibility of the gestures rather than the accurate replication of the motor actions of real use. Conclusions: Pantomime of tool use is a communicative gesture rather than a replication of the motor actions of real use. (JINS, 2017, 23, 121–127)

Tool use without a tool: kinematic characteristics of pantomiming as compared to actual use and the effect of brain damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Hermsdörfer ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Jennifer Randerath ◽  
Georg Goldenberg ◽  
Leif Johannsen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Actual Use

scholarly journals Tool Use and Generalized Motor Programs: We All Are Natural Born Poly-Dexters

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Osiurak ◽  
Mathieu Lesourd ◽  
Ludovic Delporte ◽  
Yves Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Motor Programs

scholarly journals How will it look like? Human posterior parietal and dorsal premotor cortex encode the visual properties of an upcoming action

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Pilacinski ◽  
Melanie Wallscheid ◽  
Axel Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Visual Properties ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTBehavioral studies show that motor actions are planned by adapting motor programs to produce desired visual consequences. Does this mean that the brain plans these visual consequences independent of the motor actions required to obtain them? Here we addressed this question by investigating planning-related fMRI activity in human posterior parietal (PPC) and dorsal premotor (PMd) cortex. By manipulating visual movement of a virtual end-effector controlled via button presses we could dissociate motor actions from their sensory outcome. A clear representation of the visual consequences was visible in both PPC and PMd activity during early planning stages. Our findings suggest that in both PPC and PMd action plans are initially represented on the basis of the desired sensory outcomes while later activity shifts towards representing motor programs.

scholarly journals Striatal indirect pathway mediates action switching via modulation of collicular dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeeon Lee ◽  
Bernardo L. Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Motor Programs ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Major Drug ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractType 2 dopamine receptor-expressing, or indirect pathway striatal projection (iSPNs), neurons comprise one of two major pathways through the basal ganglia1, and are a major drug target for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders2–4. The function of iSPNs is unclear with proposed roles in suppression of unwanted actions and in refining selection actions or their kinematics5–12. Here, we show that iSPNs can simultaneously suppress and facilitate conflicting motor actions in a lateralized licking task. Activation of iSPNs suppresses contraversive while promoting ipsiversive licking, allowing mice to rapidly switch between alternative motor programs. iSPN activity is prokinetic even when mice are not cued to perform an action. Activity in lateral superior colliculus (lSC), a basal ganglia target, is necessary for performing the task and predicts action. Furthermore, iSPN activation suppresses ipsilateral lSC, but surprisingly, excites contralateral lSC. iSPN activity has neuron-specific effects that, at the population level, steers the neural trajectory towards that associated with ipsiversive licking. Thus, our results reveal a previously unknown specificity of iSPNs effects on downstream brain regions, including the ability to excite contralateral regions and trigger motor programs. These results suggest a general circuit mechanism for flexible action switching during competitive selection of lateralized actions.

scholarly journals The Mari wedding robes as a group’s identity marker (based on the materials of the Russian Museum of Ethnography)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Pesetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Back Part

Introduction. In traditional culture, wedding clothing is distinguished by its multifunctionality and attractiveness, as it is meant to reflect significant social changes. In a Mari wedding clothing, robes have always played a particular role of an indicator of belonging to the community. The robe’s design and decorative features played a role of a marker. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the collections of the Russian Museum of Ethnography, which has an archive of wedding caftans of the Hill and Meadow Mari, as well as a great deal of written and field sources (2010 – 2018). Results and Discussion. The article differentiates male’s and female’s wedding caftans, underlines their basic local distinctive decor features. The colour serves as the main criterion. Apart from that, there are some distinctive features in the caftans’ back part and breast area. The article singles out highly and least decorated parts of the wedding caftan, takes a look at various materials served as a basis for decoration of the most important areas of the item. The paper highlights the most “alteration-proof” parts of the caftan and underlines the features of the wedding clothing. Conclusion. A study of this clothing item is of great significance in terms of the research of changes in the Mari traditional ceremonial clothes, because as field research in the region has proved, the color of the wedding caftan keeps on varying depending on local customs and remains to be a criterion of the group’s identity.

From pantomime to actual use: How affordances can facilitate actual tool-use

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 2410-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Randerath ◽  
Georg Goldenberg ◽  
Will Spijkers ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Joachim Hermsdörfer
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Actual Use

scholarly journals Motor imagery of tool use: relationship to actual use and adherence to Fitts’ law across tasks

2012 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Macuga ◽  
Athan P. Papailiou ◽  
Scott H. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Actual Use

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

New Data Cast Doubt on IV Morphine for ACS

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
Cast Doubt
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