Analysis of emergency situations on low pressure gas pipelines in case of failure of gas control points

The analysis of malfunctions of the main equipment at gas control points was carried out. It was concluded that for the looped-back part of the low-pressure network, the diameters of adjacent sections should not be significantly different, since if the diameter of one section is less than the neighboring one, then in an emergency mode, a section with a small diameter will not let in the required amount of gas.

Influence of slashface leakage coupled with quasi-labyrinth seal technique on gas turbine endwall aerothermal performance and blade suction side surface phantom cooling

Quasi-labyrinth seal technique was innovatively adopted to control the slashface flow, and the effect of slashface leakage on endwall aerothermal performance and blade suction side surface phantom cooling was numerically investigated. Simulations of five different labyrinth seal lengths ( Ls) and three coolant momentum flux ratios ( I) were conducted by computationally solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model. The results show that the slashface coolant can be accelerated and conveyed downstream inside the slashface carried by the ingested mainstream and passage vortex. By setting up the quasi-labyrinth seal composed of a series of aperture cavities along the slashface, the coolant downstream transportation can be largely weakened, and the labyrinth seal with various lengths all have the potential to move the endwall coolant coverage toward upstream. When I = 0.48, the coolant downstream migration is severest and it has the best coverage on the endwall with seal. The laterally averaged cooling effectiveness is elevated for the fore part endwall but decreased for the back part endwall after sealing, and the highest cooling effectiveness is increased by 5% for 0.6 Ls seal. The 0.6–1.0 Ls seal has the approximate effect and is better than 0.4 Ls seal, and 0.6 Ls seal has the best outcome considering the countering effects of structural strength and endwall cooling performance. For 0.6 Ls sealed case, the high heat transfer level caused by coolant attachment is enhanced by 3.5% when I = 0.48 but decreased by 3.3% and 4.4% when I = 0.96 and 1.42 compared with baseline case. The low heat transfer caused by horseshoe vortex separation is enhanced when I = 1.42 for the sealed case. The quasi-labyrinth seal mainly weakens the back part suction side phantom cooling performance, and the well phantom cooling region moves upstream with the increase of I. The averaged phantom cooling effectiveness is decreased by 0.56%, 0.3%, and 1.44% when I = 0.48, 0.96, and 1.42 for the sealed cases. The results provide the gas turbine designers a better insight into improved slashface leakage control as well as its detailed surface cooling effects.

The Mari wedding robes as a group’s identity marker (based on the materials of the Russian Museum of Ethnography)

Introduction. In traditional culture, wedding clothing is distinguished by its multifunctionality and attractiveness, as it is meant to reflect significant social changes. In a Mari wedding clothing, robes have always played a particular role of an indicator of belonging to the community. The robe’s design and decorative features played a role of a marker. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the collections of the Russian Museum of Ethnography, which has an archive of wedding caftans of the Hill and Meadow Mari, as well as a great deal of written and field sources (2010 – 2018). Results and Discussion. The article differentiates male’s and female’s wedding caftans, underlines their basic local distinctive decor features. The colour serves as the main criterion. Apart from that, there are some distinctive features in the caftans’ back part and breast area. The article singles out highly and least decorated parts of the wedding caftan, takes a look at various materials served as a basis for decoration of the most important areas of the item. The paper highlights the most “alteration-proof” parts of the caftan and underlines the features of the wedding clothing. Conclusion. A study of this clothing item is of great significance in terms of the research of changes in the Mari traditional ceremonial clothes, because as field research in the region has proved, the color of the wedding caftan keeps on varying depending on local customs and remains to be a criterion of the group’s identity.

PENAMPILAN KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING DENGAN PEMBERIAN KULIT KOPI (Coffea sp) PENGOLAHAN SEDERHANA SUBSTITUSI SEBAGIAN JAGUNG DENGAN LEVEL YANG BERBEDA

CARCASS PERFORMANCE OF BROILER FED RATION CONTAINING COFFEE (Coffea sp) HUSK WASTE PRODUCT TREATED BY SIMPLE PROCESSING AND SUBSTITUTING PARTS OF CORN WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS. Broilers had rapid growth rate and need high nutrient protein and energy balance in the diet. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of coffee husk waste product treated by simple processing substituted with part of corn in ration on carcass percentage of broiler. Study was applied at Faculty of Animal Science, Sam Ratulangi University during 35 days. Total of 144 day old chick unsexed broilers, strain of CP 707, involving 36 experimental units of battery pens were used in this study. Each unit of pen was filled 4 birds under completely randomized design on factorial patter of 3x4. Factor A was focused on three processing treatments including coffee husk heated under sun light (A1), coffee husk immersed in the water (A2), and coffee husk boiled under water (A3). Factor B was focused on four treatments of substitution levels including ration containing corn without coffee husk substitution (B0), ration containing corn substituted with 25% coffee husk (B1), ration containing corn substituted with 50% coffee husk (B2), ration containing corn substituted with 75% coffee husk (B3). Variables observed were including percentages of thigh, wing, breast and back part. Analysis of variance showed that interaction of processing treatments did not affect significantly on the percentages of thigh, wing, breast and back part. This study indicated that simple processing of coffee husk were not affected the carcass percentages of broiler. The substitution levels significantly affected carcass percentage of broiler. Percentages of thigh, wing, breast and back part were 28.92%-30.98%, 10.38%-12.68%, 35.10%-38.55% and 19,68%-22,71%, respectively. This study showed that utilization of coffee husk waste product by above simple processing could substitute part of corn in ration of 25% producing high carcass percentage of broiler.Keywords: Coffee husk by product, broiler part of carcass percentage

ANIMALISTIC ART OF KOBAN CULTURE AND SCYTHIAN-SIBERIAN ANIMAL STYLE

The Koban animalistic art and the Scythian-Siberian animal style in many respects are based on culture of the Central European art of the pre-Scythian period, Middle East and Urartu art. In some cases, both directions use similar compositions (whirlwind forms and symmetric), the same animal images («the scraped predator», a winged predator, a deer, a ram, a goat, the head and a figure of the flying bird of prey, fish), and parts of animals (a boar canine teeth) who receive various art interpretation. In the Koban animal style there was an infiltration of images of the Scythian-Siberian animal style (figures of deer with the head turned back and the turned-in legs; animals with the turned-out back part of a trunk at an angle 180°; the predator which was curtailed in a ball), occurs registration of the Koban bronze trapezoid zone buckles Scythian motives). Also the return process of penetration of the Koban images into Scythian art is known (objects in the form of a bust of a bird of prey, «the scraped predator»). All this demonstrates difficult centuries-old interaction of two directions of animal art.

The Effectiveness of Polymer Damper in Damage Reduction of Temporary Steel Grandstand

A large number of accidents involving damage of temporary grandstands during different types of events were observed in the past. The aim of the paper is to analyse numerically the effectiveness of a polymer damper in damage reduction of a temporary steel scaffolding grandstand exposed to dynamic load due to jumping. The element has been installed as a diagonal one at the back part of the structure. The method has been compared with the typical solution of strengthening the grandstand with the diagonal stiffener of tubular cross section. The results of the study clearly show that the response of a temporary steel grandstand equipped with a diagonal damper as well as with the diagonal stiffener is substantially different. The application of the polymer damper leads to considerable reduction in the level of measured accelerations due to the increased structural damping preventing from damage.

POLA LUKA PADA KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DI RS BHAYANGKARA MANADO PERIODE 2013

Violence in a family shows a tendency to increase every year. Studies from other countries showed that the occurance of this violance was about 15-17%. Most of the victims are adult females and the culprits are mostly the husbands. There are several methods needed to detect such cases. Doctors and their medical staff must have the ability to identify the condition of the victim inlcuding psychological and physical condition as well as the types of wounds. Theis study aimed to obtain the pattern of wound types in female victims related to violence in family. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using reports of visum et repertum of Bhayangkara Hospital Manado as the secondary data. The results showed that of the 43 cases, the majority belonged to the group of age 31-32 years old (10 people), physical type of violance (93%), bruise as the type of wound (70%), and located at the forehead and the back part of the head (18.60%).Keywords: Violence, family, type of injuryAbstrak: Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) merupakan salah satu kasus yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Studi dari berbagai negara menunjukkan angka kejadian KDRT berkisar antara 15-71%. Sebagian besar korban KDRT ialah perempuan dewasa dan pelaku biasanya ialah suami. Dalam pengungkapan kasus KDRT diperlukan metode-metode tertentu dari dokter atau tenaga kesehatan untuk mendektesinya. Dokter atau tenaga medis harus mampu mengetahui keadaan psikologis dan fisik, serta pola luka/cedera yang dialami korban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan meningkatkan kemampuan deteksi kasus KDRT terhadap perempuan bagi para dokter melalui pola luka. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari hasil visum dan dilaporkan menurut distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 43 kasus KDRT terhadap perempuan terbanyak ialah kelompok umur 31-32 tahun (10 orang), jenis kekerasan fisik (93%), jenis cedera memar (70%), letak cdera daerah sekitar dahi dan kepala bagian belakang (18,60%).Kata kunci: kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, pola cedera