“Justice to India – Prosperity to England – Freedom to the Slave!” Humanitarian and Moral Reform Campaigns on India, Aborigines and American Slavery

AbstractThis article considers British agitation against East India Company rule in India via an examination of the Aborigines Protection Society and the British India Society. Founded by humanitarians and moral reformers in the 1830s, these organisations placed India within a wide transnational context, which stretched from Britain's settler and plantation colonies to Liberia and the United States. However, in the wake of slave emancipation, British campaigners struggled to reconcile their universal understanding of humanity with their equally strong confidence in the benefits of ‘British civilisation’. Their nebulous and changeable programmes for reform failed to convince Britain's politicians and public that the challenges of free trade could be met by the exclusive use of free labour, or that all imperial subjects possessed equal rights. A fuller appreciation of these campaigns reveals the contradictions and occlusions inherent in mid-nineteenth century humanitarianism, and underscores the importance of a more geographically integrated approach to the history of opposition to Britain's empire.

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Introduction: Memorialization, Gay Assimilation, and American Religion

Dying to Be Normal ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190685218.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Brett Krutzsch

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

First Century ◽

American Religion ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Lgbt Rights ◽

American Citizenship ◽

Aids Crisis ◽

Gay Activism ◽

History Of

The introduction addresses how gay activists memorialized select people as martyrs in order to influence national debates over LGBT rights. In particular, the chapter lays out how religion shaped both the process of gay political memorialization as well as gay assimilation in the United States more broadly. The introduction additionally covers the history of American gay activism, the rise of assimilatory tactics following the American AIDS crisis, and the promotion of gays as “normal” citizens. As became common at the turn of the twenty-first century, many gay activists argued that gays were just like straights and, therefore, deserving of equal rights. The chapter also details how Protestant sexual standards shaped the nation’s ideas about acceptable sexual citizens and, in turn, how gay activists promoted Protestant values as necessary for the rights of full American citizenship.

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Apostles of Equality: James Brown Scott and the Feminist Cause

Rewriting the History of the Law of Nations ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198849377.003.0008 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 245-311

Author(s):

Paolo Amorosa

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Women's Rights ◽

The United States ◽

Women’S Rights ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Short History ◽

History Of ◽

Pan American ◽

Alice Paul ◽

Nationality Law

Chapter 6 tracks the story of an unlikely alliance between Scott and leading feminist activists Doris Stevens and Alice Paul. The first section provides a short history of the women’s rights movement in the United States and details how Paul and Stevens rose to become key figures in the battle for women’s suffrage. Section 2 tracks the early interest by feminist activists in international politics. As Paul and Stevens moved toward internationalism, Scott moved closer to the positions of women’s rights activists by becoming a supporter of the equality of sexes under nationality law. Section 3 follows the collaboration between Scott and the feminist leaders. Beginning in 1928, the collaboration would peak in 1933 with the approval at the Montevideo Pan-American Conference of two equal rights treaties.

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Surmounting Adversities in the Land of Lincoln

Broken Chains and Subverted Plans ◽

10.5744/florida/9780813062457.003.0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher C. Fennell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

African American ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Structural Racism ◽

History Of ◽

Sundown Towns ◽

Almost All

The history of New Philadelphia illustrates significant elements of the systemic impacts of racism on citizens and communities in the United States. Similar experiences are presented in the development of other communities that struggled against such adversities. This chapter examines additional case studies of structural racism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Illinois. In his study of “sundown towns,” James Loewen found that many Illinois towns engaged in extensive discrimination in this period. Such sundown jurisdictions permitted African Americans access to their terrain as laborers during the day, but not as residents. His research showed that “almost all all-white towns and counties in Illinois were all-white on purpose” by the early twentieth century. In contrast, other communities embodied African-American aspirations. Fennell examines such racial dynamics using examples from archaeological and historical analysis of three more African-American communities in Illinois: Miller Grove, Brooklyn, and the Equal Rights settlement outside of Galena.

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Full Practice Authority for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses is a Gender Issue

OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing ◽

10.3912/ojin.vol21no02ppt54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nancy Rudner Lugo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Nurse Practitioners ◽

State Level ◽

The United States ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Political Support ◽

Advanced Practice ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Political Values ◽

History Of

In the United States, Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) regulations are determined at the state level, through legislation and rule making. The lack of an evidence base to APRN regulation has resulted in a patchwork of varied regulations and requirements for nurse practitioners. The author begins this article by reviewing the history of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the United States and describing her study that assessed APRN fullpractice authority in states that ratified the ERA versus states that opposed it. She presents the study findings, limitations of the comparison, and discussion of the findings and implications. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that progress toward full APRN practice will require building strategies for political support and framing the need to update APRN regulations in a manner that aligns with each state’s social and political values.

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‘The United States of Europe Have Commenced’, but for Whom?

Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights ◽

10.1177/016934419301100302 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 249-265

Author(s):

Roel Fernhout

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

European Community ◽

The United States ◽

Early History ◽

Free Movement ◽

Equal Treatment ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Member States ◽

History Of

The author begins this article with a short description of the early history of the United States of America and makes a comparison with the genesis of the European Community. It is also possible to draw comparisons with the early history of the USA in the area of the free movement of people and immigration. In the European Community, just as in the United States, immigration is treated principally as an economic matter. However, unlike the United States, the free movement of nationals of the member states within the territory of the Community was, at first, also viewed from a purely economic perspective. This exclusive link with economic activities and services was only dropped very recently. The author also looks at the significance of the Union Treaty for the position of nationals of non-member states, who are already settled, living and working in the Community. According to the author, established immigrants should be treated in accordance with the regulations governing the free movement of workers which apply to EC-nationals. A norm of 4 years legal residence could be a reasonable norm for granting free movement within the internal market. The author is convinced that the vague public debate within the Community about equal treatment for the nationals of non-member states will only be dealt with seriously when the concrete problems are put on the table via the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice. That is why the authority of the Court is a necessary prerequisite for the real equal rights to be finally achieved.

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“We Speak for Those who Cannot Speak for Themselves”

Ontario History ◽

10.7202/1050731ar ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 143-159

Author(s):

Kevin Woodger

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Reform ◽

The United States ◽

Reform Movement ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Moral Reform ◽

Working Classes ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

The City

This article examines the history of the Toronto Humane Society [THS] from 1887 to 1891. It argues that the THS drew on the discourses of earlier Humane Societies and SPCAs in Britain and the United States and concludes that, like other animal welfare organizations, the THS saw the moral reform of the working classes as one of its primary duties. To do this, the Humane Society is linked to the larger moral and social reform movement that permeated the city in the late-nineteenth century. Dominated by members of Toronto’s middle class, the THS inordinately targeted workers in its efforts to spread humane sentiments throughout the city.

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