scholarly journals The current salt iodization strategy in Kyrgyzstan ensures sufficient iodine nutrition among school-age children but not pregnant women

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza B Sultanalieva ◽  
Svetlana Mamutova ◽  
Frits van der Haar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Salt Iodization

A STRATIFIED CROSS-SECTIONAL CLUSTER MODEL SURVEY OF IODINE NUTRITION IN ARMENIA AFTER A DECADE OF UNIVERSAL SALT IODIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Hutchings ◽  
Elena Aghajanova ◽  
Sisak Baghdasaryan ◽  
Mushegh Qefoyan ◽  
Catherine Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Salt Iodine

Objective: Iodine is a necessary nutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and essential in human development. Being naturally deficient in iodine, Armenia launched a national universal salt iodization (USI) strategy in 2004. Although high rates of goiter continued to be reported, iodine status has not been studied since 2005. Therefore, this study sought to assess the current situation of population iodine nutrition in Armenia.Methods: We used a selective cross-sectional model to recruit three groups: school-age children (SAC), pregnant women (PW), and nonpregnant women of reproductive age (WRA) from each province. We collected casual urine and table salt samples from each participant, which were analyzed for iodine concentration. A repeat urine sample was collected in a subset of participants to adjust the results for within-person variation in iodine concentration. Group-wise urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) were compared with international reference criteria for iodine status.Results: Urine samples were collected from 1,125 participants from 13 different towns in Armenia; a total of 1,078 participants were included in the final analysis: 361 SAC (mean age, 10.5 years, 46.6% female), 356 PW (mean age, 26.1 years), and 361 WRA (mean age, 35.5 years). Population and geographically weighted median UIC were: SAC, 242 μg/L ([25th percentile] 203 to [75th percentile] 289 μg/L); PW, 226 μg/L (209 to 247 μg/L); WRA, 311 μg/L (244 to 371 μg/L). A total of 1,041 table salt samples were sufficient for laboratory analysis: 973 (93.4%) of the salt iodine measurements were within the national standard range of 40 ± 15 mg/kg.Conclusion: The results of household salt sampling indicated a successful USI strategy. While the present study did not achieve a truly representative sample of Armenia's population, the UIC results support the conclusion that iodine deficiency has not recurred and is not an underlying factor for any remaining high goiter prevalence in Armenia.Abbreviations: PW = pregnant women; SAC = school-age children; SI = salt iodine; UIC = urinary iodine concentration; USI = universal salt iodization; WHO = World Health Organization; WRA = women of reproductive age

scholarly journals Geographical influences on the iodine status in pregnant women, neonates, and school-age children in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Lou ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Guangming Mao ◽  
Wenming Zhu ◽  
Zhe Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Iodine Status

Serum Copper Status in School-Age Children and Pregnant Women in China Nutrition and Health Survey 2010–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Liu ◽  
Jianhua Piao ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Copper Status

scholarly journals The consequences of declining population access to insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) on net use patterns and physical degradation of nets after 22 months of ownership

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zawadi M. Mboma ◽  
Charles Festo ◽  
Lena M. Lorenz ◽  
Dennis J. Massue ◽  
William N. Kisinza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Physical Degradation

Abstract Background As insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) wear out and are disposed, some household members are prioritized to use remaining ITNs. This study assessed how nets are allocated within households to individuals of different age categories as ITNs are lost or damaged and as new ITNs are obtained. The study also explored how ITN allocation affects ITN durability. Methods A cross-sectional household survey and ITN durability study was conducted among 2,875 households across Tanzania to determine the proportion of nets that remain protective (serviceable) 22 months after net distribution aiming for universal coverage. Allocation of study nets within houses, and re-allocation of ITNs when new universal replacement campaign (URC) nets arrived in study households in Musoma District, was also assessed. Results Some 57.0% (95% CI 53.9–60.1%) of households had sufficient ITNs for every household member, while 84.4% (95% CI 82.4–86.4%) of the population had access to an ITN within their household (assuming 1 net covers every 2 members). In households with sufficient nets, 77.5% of members slept under ITNs. In households without sufficient nets, pregnant women (54.6%), children < 5 years (45.8%) and adults (42.1%) were prioritized, with fewer school-age children 5–14 years (35.9%), youths 15–24 years (28.1%) and seniors > 65 years (32.6%) sleeping under ITNs. Crowding ($$\ge$$ ≥ 3 people sleeping under nets) was twice as common among people residing in houses without sufficient nets for all age groups, apart from children < 5. Nets were less likely to be serviceable if: $$\ge$$ ≥ 3 people slept under them (OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.40–0.63)), or if nets were used by school-age children (OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.93)), or if the net product was Olyset®. One month after the URC, only 23.6% (95% CI 16.7–30.6%) of the population had access to a URC ITN in Musoma district. Householders in Musoma district continued the use of old ITNs even with the arrival of new URC nets. Conclusion Users determined the useful life of ITNs and prioritized pregnant women and children < 5 to serviceable ITNs. When household net access declines, users adjust by crowding under remaining nets, which further reduces ITN lifespan. School-age children that commonly harbour gametocytes that mediate malaria transmission are compelled to sleep under unserviceable nets, crowd under nets or remain uncovered. However, they were accommodated by the arrival of new nets. More frequent ITN delivery through the school net programme in combination with mass distribution campaigns is essential to maximize ITN effectiveness.

Assessment of iodine intake and deficiency in school-age children in Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-885
Author(s):  
Naima Saeid ◽  
Anass Rami ◽  
Samir Mounach ◽  
Abdeslam Hamrani ◽  
Asmaa El Hamdouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose Iodine deficiency has several adverse effects on human growth and development and it is categorized collectively as iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Recent estimations showed that 29.8 per cent of school-age children have insufficient iodine intake. Salt iodization is widely accepted as the best method for increasing iodine intake. In 1995, Morocco adopted the universal salt iodization strategy to reduce iodine deficiency and consequently prevent and control IDDs. This study aims to determine the benefit of this strategy on schoolchildren and adolescent by assessing iodine intake and evaluating iodine deficiency. Design/methodology/approach This transversal study was conducted on 131 children and adolescents. Iodine intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Iodine status was evaluated on 24-h urine samples and the creatinine excretion was used to validate completeness of urine collection. Findings The medians of urinary iodine excretion and concentration were 77 µg/day and 96 µg/L, respectively. Overall, 72.5 per cent are deficient, so mild and moderate iodine deficiencies were reported in 58 per cent and 14.5 per cent, respectively, and no child exhibited severe deficiency. A significant difference was reported between iodine deficiency and, sex and age; iodine deficiency was more pronounced in boys and children under eight years. In this study, iodine status in deficient children does not change with the consumption pattern of dairy products and eggs, and results showed no significant association (p > 0.05). However, fish consumption was significantly associated to urinary iodine concentration = 100 µg/L (p = 0.044). Average UIC in school-aged children is still inadequate and consumption of foods high in iodine remains very insufficient. Therefore, additional efforts must focus on nutritional education of Moroccan school-aged children. Originality/value In the author’s knowledge, this is the first study evaluating schoolchildren iodine status by 24-h iodine collection; the study reported association of iodine deficiency with dietary habit concerning sources of food rich on iodine.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Declining Population Access to Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) on Net Use Patterns and Physical Degradation of Nets after 22 Months of Ownership

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zawadi Mageni Mboma ◽  
Charles Festo ◽  
Lena M. Lorenz ◽  
Dennis J. Massue ◽  
William N. Kisinza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Physical Degradation

Abstract BackgroundAs the number of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in households (access) declines when nets wear out some household-members are prioritised to use the remaining ITNs. This study assessed how nets are allocated within households to individuals of different age categories as ITNs are lost or damaged and as new ITNs are obtained. The study also explored how ITN allocation affects ITN durability. MethodsA cross-sectional household survey and ITN durability study was conducted among 2,875 households across Tanzania to determine the proportion of nets that remain protective (serviceable) twenty-two months after net distribution aiming for universal coverage. Allocation of study nets within houses and re-allocation of ITNs when new Universal Replacement Campaign (URC) nets arrived in study households in Musoma District was also assessed.ResultsOnly 57.0% [95% CI: 53.9-60.1%] of households had enough ITNs for every household member (assuming one net covers every 2 members). In households with enough nets, 77.5% of members slept under ITNs. In households without enough nets, pregnant women (54.6%), children<5 (45.8%) and adults (42.1%) were prioritised, with fewer school-age children 5-14 (35.9%), youths 15-24 (28.1%) and seniors>65 (32.6%) sleeping under ITNs. Crowding ( 3 people slept under nets) was twice as common among people residing in houses without enough nets for all age groups apart from children<5. Nets were less likely to be serviceable if 3 people slept under them (OR=0.50 [95%CI 0.40-0.63]); if nets were used by school-age children (OR=0.72 [95%CI 0.56-0.93]) and if the net product was Olyset®. One month after the URC, only 23.6% [95%CI 16.7-30.6%] had access to an URC ITN in Musoma district. Householders in Musoma district continued the use of old ITNs even with the arrival of new URC nets.ConclusionUsers determined the useful life of ITNs and prioritized pregnant women and children<5 to serviceable ITNs. When household net access declines, users adjust by crowding under remaining nets, which further reduces ITN lifespan. School-age children that commonly harbour gametocytes that mediate malaria transmission are compelled to sleep under unserviceable nets, crowd under nets or remain uncovered. However, they were accommodated by the arrival of new nets. More frequent ITN delivery through the school-net program in combination with mass distribution campaigns is essential to maximise ITN effectiveness.

Socioeconomic status of the population – a prime determinant in evaluating iodine nutritional status even in a post salt iodization scenario

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udayan Bhattacharya ◽  
Amar K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background To compare the state of iodine nutrition among school age children (SAC) in high- (HSGs) and low-socioeconomic groups (LSGs) during a post iodation scenario in Kolkata. Methods Clinical examinations of the goiter, median urinary iodine (MUI), mean urinary thiocyanate (MUSCN) in SAC (6–12 years) from both sexes in the different socioeconomic groups were carried out and the iodine content of edible salt was measured. Results A total of 5315 SAC, of which 2875 SAC were from a HSG and another 2440 SAC from an LSG were clinically examined for goiter. In the HSGs the total goiter prevalence (TGP) was 3.2% and in the LSGs the TGP was 9.1% and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The MUI of the HSGs was 242 μg/L as compared to 155 μg/L in the LSGs (p<0.001). MUSCN of the HSGs was 0.77±0.45 mg/dL while in the LSGs it was 0.94±0.44 mg/dL and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). In the HSGs 19.4% salt samples had 15–30 ppm iodine and 80.6% salt samples were above 30 ppm as compared to 26.3% salt samples which were below 15 ppm, 37.1% salt samples which were between 15 and 30 ppm and 36.6% salt samples which were above 30 ppm in the LSGs. Conclusions The population of the LSGs was clinically mildly iodine deficient having no biochemical iodine deficiency while in the HSGs it was more than the adequate requirement and the HSG children are possibly at risk of excess iodine induced thyroid diseases. Existing goiter prevalence in the LSGs was from their relatively high consumption of dietary goitrogens. Therefore, socioeconomic status plays a pivotal role in the management of iodine nutrition even in a post salt iodation scenario.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document