Old age support in kind

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUTOSHI MIYAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Old Age Support ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Disincentive Effect ◽  
Inter Vivos Transfer

AbstractIt has been argued whether a transfer policy for elderly people should be in kind or in cash. This paper presents a rationale to answer the question in an endogenous growth model with a two-way intrafamily transfer in middle age, education for the child as an inter-vivos transfer, and informal parental care in exchange for a bequest. We have two analytical results. First, a transfer in cash, such as a public pension, prevents economic growth because a strategic behavior concerning caregiving generates a disincentive effect on education. Second, a transfer in kind, such as public formal care, promotes economic growth because the valuation of the service generates an additional benefit of education, which dominates the disincentive effect. Our results show that old age support should be in kind rather than in cash in the context of economic growth and also welfare if bequests are strategic.

Modeling the co-evolution of economic institutions and the economy of resource producing regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Vadim F. Islamutdinov ◽  
Sergey P. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Volterra Equations ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Disincentive Effect ◽  
Good Institution

The purpose of the study is to develop a model for the co-evolution of the regional economy and economic institutions. The research methods used: abstract-logical for the study of theoretical aspects and the experience of modeling co-evolution; and economic-mathematical for the development of own model of coevolution. The results of the study: approaches to modeling the evolution of economic institutions, as well as the co-evolution of the regional economy and economic institutions are considered, strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches to modeling co-evolution are identified, on the basis of the logistic model and Lotka-Volterra equations, an own co-evolution model has been developed, which includes three entities: regional economy, “good” institution and “bad” institution. Three versions of the model have been developed: the co-evolution of the regional economy and the “good” institution, the co-evolution of the regional economy and the “bad institution,” and a variant of the co-evolution of all three entities simultaneously, in which the “good” and “bad” institutions interact according to the “predator-prey” model, and their the cumulative effect determines the development of the regional economy. Numerical experiments have been carried out in the MathLab, which have shown the capabilities of the model to reflect the results of the co-evolution of the economy of a resource-producing region and economic institutions. In the first variant, a “good” institution promotes economic growth in excess of the level determined by resource availability. In the second variant, the “bad” institution has a disincentive effect on the GRP, as a result of which the GRP falls below the level determined by the resource endowment. In the third variant, the interaction of “good” and “bad” institutions still contributes to economic growth above the level determined by resource availability, but causes cyclical fluctuations in the GRP.

Attitude towards Health and Fitness of Middle Age and Old Age Citizens of Gwalior

10.26524/1312 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-15
Author(s):  
Rajender Singh ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Sonu Kumar ◽  
Prabal Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Health And Fitness

A NOTE ON INFLATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND INCOME INEQUALITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Money Growth ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Growth

This paper develops a monetary endogenous growth model with capital and skill heterogeneity to analyze the relationship among inflation, growth, and income inequality. In the model inflation, growth, and inequality are jointly determined. We show that an increase in the long-run money growth rate raises inflation and reduces growth, but its effect on income inequality depends on the relative importance of the two types of heterogeneity. Inequality shrinks with the rise of inflation when capital heterogeneity dominates and enlarges when skill heterogeneity dominates. Therefore, our model supports a negative (positive) inflation–inequality relationship and a positive (negative) growth–inequality relationship when capital (skill) heterogeneity dominates. In any event, inflation and growth are negatively related.

Perceptions of Ideal and Typical Middle and Old Age

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Sherman ◽  
Joel A. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Three Dimensions

An investigation of attitudes toward typical and ideal old age was carried out with seventy-eight undergraduate students. Half of the participants responded to semantic differential scales for typical and ideal old age and half to middle age stimulus objects. The scales were analyzed in terms of three dimensions produced in previous research. No difference was found between the middle and old age conditions for the personal acceptability dimension but differences were found for both the autonomous-dependent and instrumental-ineffective dimensions. The old and middle age objects were rated alike at ideal but the old age object was rated less autonomous and less instrumental at typical.

The Manipulation of Children’s Preferences, Old-Age Support, and Investment in Children’s Human Capital

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (S2) ◽  
pp. S3-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Becker ◽  
Kevin M. Murphy ◽  
Jörg L. Spenkuch
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Old Age Support

Personality stability and change over a 30-year period—middle age to old age.

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria R. Leon ◽  
Brenda Gillum ◽  
Richard Gillum ◽  
Marshall Gouze
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Personality Stability

scholarly journals Assessment of psychophysical capacities for professional work in late middle age and at the beginning of old age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽  
Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽  
Anna Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska ◽  
Bernard Sozański ◽  
Natalia Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Professional Work

Paying for Old Age: Past, Present, Future

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Thomas ◽  
Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Old Age Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Old Age ◽  
The Uk

This chapter focuses on one fundamental aspects of an ageing population — how to pay for old age, individually and collectively. It also presents a study of the history of old age support in the UK and US and concludes that despite the quite different beginnings of the public pension and social security systems, government policy in both countries has become similarly locked in to a set of institutional arrangements which were devised to respond to immediate social and economic problems, but which have acquired a rationale and a dynamic of their own.

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