‘Unmistakeable Sauerkrauts’: Local Perceptions of Itinerant German Musicians in New Zealand, 1850–1920

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Samantha Owens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Sports ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Street Corner ◽  
First World

Although largely forgotten today, bands of German musicians (generally from the Westpfalz region) were regular visitors to New Zealand’s shores from the 1850s up until the outbreak of World War I, making them among the earliest professional European musical ensembles to be heard in the country. Plying their trade on the streets and in other public spaces, German bands were also routinely hired to perform for garden parties, school sports days, dances and boat trips, as well as on countless other occasions. Yet despite their apparent popularity, contemporary comment published in newspapers of the day demonstrates that reactions to their performances were decidedly mixed. While some members of the public clearly enjoyed the contribution German bands made to local musical life, others were less than delighted by their (often noisy) presence. In 1893, for example, one Wellington resident complained that ‘a German Band … may be heard braying at every street corner at all hours of the day and night’, while noting also that ‘It is the genuine article, all the performers being wanderers from the “Vaterland”, unmistakeable “sauerkrauts”’ Within weeks of the outbreak of World War I, ten members of a German band had been arrested in Auckland and taken to Somes Island in Wellington harbour, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. This article examines the New Zealand public’s changing perceptions of this particular brand of street musician from colonial times until shortly after the end of the First World War.

scholarly journals A War Against Disease and Despair: Immigrants, Nurses, Soldiers, and the Transformation of Patient Care on Ellis Island During World War I

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-208
Author(s):  
Ryan Radice
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World War I ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ellis Island ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Military Members ◽  
First World

Located on what is today New Jersey soil, the hospital facilities on Ellis Island, run by the Public Health Service (PHS) to treat immigrant patients, were a medical marvel of their time. While known primarily for its use as an immigration facility, Ellis Island went through several major changes from the time war was declared in Europe in 1914, to the time that the last military members left the Island in 1919. During the First World War, Ellis Island and its associated hospital facilities would be the victims of German terrorism, a mobilization point for thousands of Red Cross nurses bound for the frontlines, and a debarkation hospital that was the first stop home for countless sick and wounded soldiers returning from the battlefield. This paper examines how the PHS, the Red Cross, and the Army Medical Corps tried to protect public health, screen immigrants for disease, and care for our military casualties, all under the tension and strain of a world war and a global pandemic.

scholarly journals Arthur St George Joseph McCarthy Huggett, 1897-1968

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 342-364 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Street Corner ◽  
Landed Gentry ◽  
First World

Arthur St George J oseph McCarthy Huggett, known to all his friends as Hugo, was born in what is now North Kensington on 23 April 1897, the only son of Arthur Henry Richard Huggett and his wife Helen Mary. He had one younger sister. His father was a Lecturer in Botany at the Goldsmiths’ College and came of Kent and Norfolk stock. His mother was a McCarthy from the west of Ireland and came from the landed gentry. Only one of his forebears is known to have achieved distinction in science or the public service, a great-grand-uncle who pioneered the overland camel route between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, on the way to India before the Suez Canal was made. His mother was an intelligent and public- spirited woman who was 39 years old when she married. She had been educated in France and Germany and was a prolific reader, interested particularly in history and politics. In Ireland, before her marriage, she had been an active supporter of Home Rule and afterwards was an early member of the Suffragette movement, speaking several times a week at street-corner meetings. During the First World War, when the battle for women’s suffrage had been largely won, she joined the Labour Party, a courageous act in those days for a woman in her position. She became a member of the Kingston Board of Guardians in 1918, being specially interested in the problem of unmarried mothers and their children. She was greatly concerned with the welfare of others and indifferent to her personal comfort. Her husband, though not always agreeing with her views, gave her support and sympathy in her undertakings. Theirs was a happy home and they both made great sacrifices, especially during the war years, to enable their son to complete his medical education. Hugo was brought up in this environment in the Roman Catholic faith, which he later formally renounced.

scholarly journals Una guerra civil incruenta: la polarización de la prensa y los partidos políticos alrededor de la Gran Guerra en Asturias (1914-1919) = A bloodless civil war: The polarization of the press and political parties around the Great War in Asturias (1914-1919)

2020 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
José Luis Agudín Menéndez
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
World War I ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

Resumen: El objetivo de estas páginas es atender el impacto ideológico de la Primera Guerra Mundial en Asturias. Aprovechando una tesitura historiográfica eminentemente favorable en la proliferación de investigaciones sobre la Gran Guerra y la opinión pública al calor del centenario, este artículo aborda un hecho apenas trabajado en la historiografía asturiana. El apoyo documental se cimenta sobre la lectura de publicaciones periódicas como los diarios de gran circulación provinciales (El Carbayón de Oviedo, El Noroeste, El Comercio y El Pueblo Astur de Gijón o La Voz de Avilés) así como, de modo ocasional, rotativos nacionales (El Correo Español, El Siglo Futuro o El Socialista de Madrid). Asimismo se nutre de fuentes literarias y de la consulta de las actas municipales. Son descritos aquí el inicio de la guerra, la llegada de las misiones culturales francesas, la recepción de la guerra submarina y los festejos aliadófilos al final de las hostilidades.Palabras clave: I Guerra Mundial, aliadófilos y germanófilos, historia de la prensa, opinión pública, Melquíades Álvarez, Asturias.Abstract: The purpose of these pages is to attend the ideological impact of the First World War in Asturias. Taking advantage of a favorable historiographical tessitura in the proliferation of investigations on the Great War and the public opinion to the heat of the centenary, this article deals with a fact hardly worked in Asturian historiography. The documentary support is based on the reading of the provincial newspapers (El Carbayón in Oviedo, El Noroeste, El Comercio and El Pueblo Astur in Gijón or La Voz de Avilés) as well as, occasionally, national newspapers (El Correo Español, El Siglo Futuro or El Socialista in Madrid). It also draws on literary sources and the consultation of municipal Minutes Book. A feather flies the beginning of the war, the arrival of cultural missions, the reception of submarine warfare and the allied celebrations at the end of hostilities are described here.Keywords: World War I, pro-allied and Germanophiles, press history, public opinion, Melquíades Álvarez, Asturias.

scholarly journals The Entry of the Ottoman Empire into World War I

Belleten ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (253) ◽  
pp. 687-734
Author(s):  
Kemal H. Karpat
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This article clarifies several points related to the Ottoman entry into the First World War. First, the Young Turk leaders mistrusted deeply Great Britain which had occupied Egypt in 1882, and appeared disposed to satisfy French and Italian ambitions at the Ottoman expense. Yet, most of the Unionists, not to speak of the public and Parliament, were opposed to war. Indeed, the British and French tacitly agreed to divide the Ottoman state. For this reason, Cemal paşa, a friend of the French, even tried to conclude an alliance with Paris but was unsuccesful. Second, the decision to enter the war came as the consequence of stiff German pressure upon the Unionists leadership and became immediately a fact after the fleet under admiral Souchon's command bombarded the Russian ports. Only four Unionist leaders at most were informed about the German plans to attack Russia. Leading Ottoman officials such as Kazım Karabekir, Hafız Hakkı and many others were against early Ottoman entry into the war. Most of them wanted to wait until spring so as to have time to complete the necessary preparations for the battlefield. Probably, if the Ottoman entry into the war had been postponed for six months or so, Istanbul would have not entered the war at all since by then the hopes for a quick German victory would have vanished. Indeed, after the German offensive in France was stalled at Marne the Unionists seemed to develop second thoughts about the wisdom of fighting on Berlin's side. Consequently, the German diplomatic mission in İstanbul increased its pressures on Enver paşa, who acceded to Kaiser's war demands, still under the illusion that a German victory was imminent. In sum, the Ottoman entry into the war was not the consequence of careful preparation and long debate in the Parliament (which was recessed) and press. It was the result of a hasty decision by a handful of elitist leaders who disregarded democratic procedures and lacked long range political vision and fell easy victim to German machinations and their own utopian expectations of recovering the lost territories in the Balkans. The Ottoman entry into war prolonged it for two years and allowed the Bolshevik revolution to incubate and then explode in 1917 which in turn impacted profoundly the twentieth century world history and the Republican Turkey.

Adjusting to Financial Instability in the Interwar Period

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Piluso
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Special Committees ◽  
First World

The chapter provides a reconstruction and analysis of adjustment processes in the Italian financial system after the major cleavage of the First World War. It considers how pressures exerted by external factors entailed a progressive adaptive strategy to a changing international environment. Financial and monetary instability called for a more intensive regulation reallocating responsibilities and powers from the private sector to the public sphere. Accordingly, financial elites changed their contours and boundaries. As the demand for technical competences and bargaining abilities rose, Italian governments and central monetary authorities tended to co-opt competent representatives from the private sector onto special committees at home, at international conferences, or in bilateral negotiations. A telling tale of such processes is represented by changes within the composition of the Italian delegations at major international economic and financial conferences from the Brussels Conference in 1920 to the London Economic and Monetary Conference in 1933.

End of War or End of State? 1918 in the Public Memories of Post-Communist Croatia and Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tea Sindbæk Andersen ◽  
Ismar Dedović
Keyword(s):  
Public Memory ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
First World War ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
War Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Abstract This article investigates the role of 1918, the end of the First World War, and the establishment of the Yugoslav state in public memories of post-communist Croatia and Serbia. Analysing history schoolbooks within the context of major works of history and public discussion, the authors trace the developments of public memory of the end of the war and 1918. Drawing on the concepts of public memory and historical narrative, the authors focus on the ways in which history textbooks create historical narratives and on the types of lessons from the past that can be extracted from these narratives. While Serbia and Croatia have rather different patterns of First World War memory, the authors argue that both states have abandoned the Yugoslav communist narrative and now publicly commemorate 1918 as a loss of national statehood. This is somehow paradoxical, since the establishment of the South Slav State in 1918 was supposedly an outcome of the Wilsonian principle of national self-determination. In Serbia, the story of loss is packed in a fatalistic narrative of heroism and victimhood, while in Croatia the story of loss is embedded in a tale of necessary evils, which nevertheless had a positive outcome in a sovereign Croatian state.

Disciplinary Uniformity in Uniform—A Success of the Human Rights Act 1998?

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gale
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
Military Discipline ◽  
First World

Apart from an awareness of shameful treatment to some shell-shocked soldiers on active duty in the First World War, the subjects of military discipline in general and courts-martial in particular are unlikely to permeate the consciousness of the public at large or, indeed, the vast majority of criminal lawyers. This article explores some of the history of both, the current position in relation to courts-martial and the planned reforms under the Armed Forces Act 2006. That the Human Rights Act 1998 exposed some of the anomalities and worst practices of courts-martial is undeniable. It seems equally likely that the 1998 Act was at least a catalyst for the wholesale review and modernisation of military discipline carried out by the 2006 Act.

THE ORIGINS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1271
Author(s):  
TALBOT C. IMLAY
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Öffentliche Meinung ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Anticipating total war: the German and American experiences, 1871–1914. By Manfred Boemeke, Roger Chickering, and Stig Förster. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. ix+506. ISBN 0-521-62294-8. £55.00.German strategy and the path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the development of attrition, 1870–1916. By Robert T. Foley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. xiv+316. ISBN 0-521-84193-3. £45.00.Europe's last summer: who started the Great War in 1914? By David Fromkin. New York: Knopf, 2004. Pp. xiii+368. ISBN 0-375-41156-9. £26.95.The origins of World War I. Edited by Richard F. Hamilton and Holger H. Herwig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xiii+552. ISBN 0-521-81735-8. £35.00.Geheime Diplomatie und öffentliche Meinung: Die Parlamente in Frankreich, Deutschland und Grossbritanien und die erste Marokkokrise, 1904–1906. By Martin Mayer. Düsseldorf: Droste, 2002. Pp. 382. ISBN 3-7700-5242-0. £44.80.Helmuth von Moltke and the origins of the First World War. By Annika Mombauer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xvi+344. ISBN 0-521-79101-4. £48.00.The origins of the First World War: controversies and consensus. By Annika Mombauer. London: Pearson Education, 2002. Pp. ix+256. ISBN 0-582-41872-0. £15.99.Inventing the Schlieffen plan: German war planning, 1871–1914. By Terence Zuber. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xi+340. ISBN 0-19-925016-2. £52.50.As Richard Hamilton and Holger Herwig remark in the introduction to their edited collection of essays on the origins of the First World War, thousands of books (and countless articles) have been written on the subject, a veritable flood that began with the outbreak of the conflict in 1914 and continues to this day. This enduring interest is understandable: the First World War was, in George Kennan’s still apt phrase, the ‘great seminal catastrophe’ of the twentieth century. Marking the end of the long nineteenth century and the beginning of the short twentieth century, the war amounted to an earthquake whose seismic shocks and after-shocks resonated decades afterwards both inside and outside of the belligerent countries. The Bolshevik Revolution, the growth of fascist and Nazi movements, the accelerated emergence of the United States as a leading great power, the economic depression of the 1930s – these and other developments all have their roots in the tempest of war during 1914–18. Given the momentous nature of the conflict, it is little wonder that scholars continue to investigate – and to argue about – its origins. At the same time, as Hamilton and Herwig suggest, the sheer number of existing studies places the onus on scholars themselves to justify their decision to add to this historiographical mountain. This being so, in assessing the need for a new work on the origins of the war, one might usefully ask whether it fulfills one of several functions.

Early photographers encounter Tongans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne L. Kaeppler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
Cultural Information ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Original Photographs ◽  
Natural Historian ◽  
First World

Four early photographers are examined here in relation to their encounters with Tongans and Tonga. These photographers are Andrew Garrett, Gustav Adolph Riemer, Clarence Gordon Campbell and Walter Stanhope Sherwill. Garrett, an American natural historian who specialized in shells and fish, took two ambrotypes of Tongans in Fiji in 1868, which are two of the earliest Tongan photographs known. Riemer, born in Saarlouis, Germany, was a marine photographer on S.M.S. Hertha on an official diplomatic visit and took at least 28 photographs in Tonga in 1876. Campbell, a tourist from New York, took 25 culturally important photographs in 1902. Sherwill, a British subject born in India, moved to Tonga about the time of the First World War. He probably took many photographs with more modern equipment, but only two have been identified with certainty. This article presents information about the photographers and those depicted, where the original photographs can be found and the research that made it possible to glean cultural information from them. These early photographers are placed in the context of other more well-known early photographers whose works can be found in archives and libraries in New Zealand, Australia, Hawai‘i and Germany. In addition, summary information about two Tongan-born photographers is presented, as well as where their photographs/negatives can be found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document