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2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander O. Smith ◽  
Jeff Hemsley

PurposeInformation scientists may find value in studying cultural information evolution and information diffusion through memetics. Information studies in memetics have often found datafication in memetics research difficult. Meanwhile, current memetic scholarship elsewhere is abundant in data due to their focus on Internet artifacts. This paper offers a way to close the datafication gap for information researchers by associating information data with “differences” between memetic documents.Design/methodology/approachThis work offers a joint theory and methodology invested in information-oriented memetics. This methodology of differences is developed from a content analysis of difference on a collection of images with visual similarities.FindingsThe authors find that this kind of analysis provides a heuristic method for quantitatively bounding where one meme ends and another begins. The authors also find that this approach helps describe the dynamics of memetic media in such a way that the authors can datafy information or cultural evolution more clearly.Originality/valueHere the authors offer an approach for studying cultural information evolution through the study of memes. In doing so, the authors forward a methodology of difference which leverages content analysis in order to outline how it functions practically. The authors propose a quantitative methodology to assess differences between versions of document contents in order to examine what a particular meme is. The authors also move toward showing the information structure which defines a meme.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola O. Dasylva

Omoluwabi, a Yoruba concept of the Ideal persona, is well foregrounded in the Ifa corpus, the full meaning and import of which are either lost or taken for granted. Previous studles have examined the concept of Omoluwabi, inves­tigated its possible source(s) or origin, and explored its philosophy. The pres­ent writer has also been privileged, at different forums, to extend the study's frontiers in different directions, including evolving a home-grown theoretical basis for ideologizing the indigenous Yoruba concept. On each occasion, he has come up with additional exciting findings. The present discourse attempts to stretch the horizon of intellection a little further, such that the theoretical basis for interrogating the Yoruba personality using the Omoluwabi concept is guided by revisionist/historicist assumptions since one is dealing with an all-encompassing philosophical hermeneutic that both defines and engages the sociology of life and llving, the prevalent patterned attitude, and values in the indigenous Yoruba society. "Glocalizatlon," in this context, refers to the extent of the local relevance of pmqluwabl and the possibility of its attaining a higher pedestal of global ideological competitiveness. The paper argues that Omoluwabi remains one great ideology in the Yoruba Ifa knowledge systems practice that possesses a capacity for gauging socially approved human rela­tions of global magnitude; there is a plurality of poetics, not just one. The paper succeeds at, among other things, harnessing and streamlining prevlous find­ings of this writer on Omoluwabi with the current ones, with a view to sharing fundamental cultural information on the subject for the purpose of making it globally acceptable and adaptable. The paper concludes that the Omoluwabi ideology is capable of fostering genuine development, and that its relevance to worldviews, core universal values, and principles naturally compels an acknowl­edgment of its profundity, as well as ensures the possibility of its assuming a pedestal of universal philosophical and ideological mediation in an apparently troubled world, albeit not without some soft challenges. 


2021 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Тетяна Ляшенко

In the paper, we off er the translatological defi nition of the concept of culture, relevant for literary translation as a culturological phenomenon. We believe that the given defi nition combines the main aspects of its interpretation in culturology, socio-cultural anthropology, and intercultural communication. Such an approach allows outlining cultural background knowledge of the translator, which is necessary, on the one hand, for understanding of the text and, on the other, for the adequate translation of cultural information. The article analyses various theories of the understanding of culture and the tradition of its research in the translation studies, particularly in German translatology. The combination of interpretive, linguistic and translational turns in the cultural sciences is identifi ed as a perspective for translation studies. The attention focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of common interpretations. The paper considers the issues of meaningful and spatial defi nition of the concept of culture. The study characterizes the understanding of culture in the process of intercultural communication and the role of literary translation in it as well as clarifi es the peculiarities of the refl ection of culture in the literary text. The elements of culture that constitute translation problems are both extralinguistic concepts, i.e. phenomena and events that take place in a particular linguocultural community (the culture described by language), and “culturally conditioned” units of language as markers of a particular culture (the culture in language). In this research, we exemplify the possible ways of solving the problem of identifi cation and translation of cultural information in literary translation. It is important to complete a systematic description of culture in literary texts to enable its identifi cation at the macro- and microstructural levels. The article points out the need to consider the issue of identifi cation and translation of cultural information not only at the stage of implementation of the message in the language of translation, but also at the stages of decoding the source text and its recoding. The prospects for further research are outlined, which consist in the operationalization of the concept of culture at the empirical level, a systematic description of cultural manifestations in the source text, and a systematic approach to the reproduction of cultural information in the translated text. Key words: culture, translation studies, intercultural communication, literary translation, literary text.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 873-882
Author(s):  
M. G. Mathaba ◽  
Sejabaledi Agnes Rankoana ◽  
Martin Potgieter

Most communities in Africa are transitioning from traditional culture to a western-orientated lifestyle. Traditionally throughout Africa, the baobab (Adansonia digitata) is venerated for its size and longevity, and as such are indelibly embedded in the culture. However, the shift in cultural identity and lifestyle has disconnected numerous communities across Africa from this iconic tree. Thus an investigation was conducted in the Sagole community, Limpopo Province, South Africa to ascertain the level of knowledge of, and cultural value this community still attaches to the baobab. Results indicate that people aged 18-45 are not closely associated with tree species, and lacked significant cultural information. Only the older generation (older than 65 years) still had a strong cultural relationship. Elders from the community are the most knowledgeable with respect to cultural stories, and it is predominantly these elders that inform the younger generations regarding different culturally-bound stories related to the baobab tree. People of Sagole are not fully aware of taboos that relate to the baobab. This disconnect can be traced back to a society in transition from a traditional way of lifestyle to a western-orientated lifestyle, and the consequent uncoupling of generations. Ultimately this will lead to a significant loss of cultural information, cultural identity, the cohesiveness of communities, and environmental degradation in the Sagole community.


Author(s):  
Walda Khoiriyah ◽  
Elya Riska Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Nindya Indrasweri

Instagram is one of the social media that is used massively to disseminate information, particularly regarding cultural information. This paper describes a model for disseminating cultural information using social media Instagram. The research was conducted at the Paniradya Kaistimewan of DIY. The data were collected through three techniques, namely participatory observation, interviews, and literature study. Participation observations were carried out by the first author through internship program for three months in 2020 and actively participated in document management activities as well as disseminating management results in the form of information through Instagram. The result of this research is the cultural information dissemination model used by Paniradya Kaistimewan Yogyakarta of DIY with transmissional communication formula model. The conclusion of the research is that dissemination through Paniradya Kaistimewan of DIY's Instagram can increase the brand trust of Paniradya Kaistimewan DIY. This is proven by public opinion that Paniradya Kaistimewan of DIY is a source of public reference for the privileged values of DIY.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nina W. Harland

<p>The Court of Appeal in the case of R v Mika failed to engage with section 27 of the Sentencing Act 2002 in dismissing Mr Mika’s appeal against his sentence. In both the High Court and Court of Appeal the focus was on Mr Mika’s argument for a discount of 10 per cent to be applied to his sentence to reflect his Māori heritage and associated social disadvantages. Section 27 of the Sentencing Act would allow a court to take into account cultural information regarding Maori offenders’ backgrounds and the systemic disadvantages stemming from this. In dismissing Mika’s appeal, the Court erred in not considering the clear signals from Parliament that the judiciary were to take into account Maori offenders’ backgrounds at the sentencing stage through s 27 in an effort to fit appropriate sentences to Maori offenders. Recent developments in Canada have seen the Canadian judiciary recognise their role in the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the Canadian prison population. The New Zealand judiciary can take lessons from the willingness of the Canadian judiciary to take cultural information into account at sentencing.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Letizia Leo

The systems integrated in a GIS environment have become part of territory management and revolutionised georeferenced data processing as one of the measures that technologically help disseminate knowledge about cultural heritage and protect it. This is the context in which the experimental project for Parco Nazionale Circeo—PNC (Sabaudia-LT) was set up. The project is aimed at a new form of disseminating cultural information and enhancing the territory for an innovative tourism strategy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nina W. Harland

<p>The Court of Appeal in the case of R v Mika failed to engage with section 27 of the Sentencing Act 2002 in dismissing Mr Mika’s appeal against his sentence. In both the High Court and Court of Appeal the focus was on Mr Mika’s argument for a discount of 10 per cent to be applied to his sentence to reflect his Māori heritage and associated social disadvantages. Section 27 of the Sentencing Act would allow a court to take into account cultural information regarding Maori offenders’ backgrounds and the systemic disadvantages stemming from this. In dismissing Mika’s appeal, the Court erred in not considering the clear signals from Parliament that the judiciary were to take into account Maori offenders’ backgrounds at the sentencing stage through s 27 in an effort to fit appropriate sentences to Maori offenders. Recent developments in Canada have seen the Canadian judiciary recognise their role in the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the Canadian prison population. The New Zealand judiciary can take lessons from the willingness of the Canadian judiciary to take cultural information into account at sentencing.</p>


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
PENGIRAN PHILOVENNY ◽  
JAYASILAN MOHD-AZLAN

Summary Sarawak is known as the “Land of Hornbills”, having the Rhinoceros Hornbill as the state emblem and with hornbills also being closely associated with important cultural symbols and beliefs among various local communities. However, up to date there is limited understanding on the perception, awareness, and beliefs of local communities towards hornbills. This paper aims to describe the aforementioned factors in western Sarawak, in hope of acquiring the socio-cultural information needed to fill the gap, and to clarify misconceptions towards hornbill conservation efforts in Sarawak. Data collection was accomplished using Open Data Kit (ODK). A total of 500 respondents were approached in five administrative divisions in western Sarawak, namely Kuching, Samarahan, Serian, Sri Aman, and Betong. The questionnaire was carefully formulated to control acquiescence bias that might arise. Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modelling was conducted to evaluate the strongest demographic predictor variables influencing the answers and word clouds were used to visualise hornbill species by the local community. Sarawakians acknowledge the importance of hornbills as a cultural symbol (95%) despite hornbills being used for food, medicine, and decoration. Whilst this study describes the perceptions of hornbills in local communities, a comprehensive assessment throughout Sarawak is recommended for better understanding of hornbill importance in other communities. Such socio-cultural information is vital to ensure the success of conservation efforts and for effective management strategies of hornbills within Sarawak.


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