scholarly journals The Lumumba University in Moscow: higher education for a Soviet–Third World alliance, 1960–91

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Katsakioris
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Global Cold War ◽  
World Concept

AbstractFounded in Moscow in 1960 for students from Third World countries, the Peoples’ Friendship University ‘Patrice Lumumba’ was the most important venture in international higher education during the Cold War and a flagship of Soviet internationalism. It aimed to educate a Soviet-friendly intelligentsia and foster a Soviet–Third World alliance. This article retraces the history of this school, often criticized for its Third World concept, recruitment, and training policies. It recalls the forgotten French initiative to create a university for the underdeveloped countries, situates Lumumba University in the global Cold War, and compares it with mainstream Soviet schools. Soon after its creation, Lumumba University underwent important changes, but departed from its initial educational concept. Consequently, arguments justifying the existence of a special university disappeared. Third World countries, moreover, never agreed with the university’s concept. Despite its educational accomplishments, Lumumba University became the Achilles’ heel of Soviet cultural policy.

From global to local and back: the ‘Third World’ concept and the new radical left in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kalter
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Third World ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
World Concept ◽  
Radical Left

AbstractIn the second half of the twentieth century, the transnational ‘Third World’ concept defined how people all over the globe perceived the world. This article explains the concept’s extraordinary traction by looking at the interplay of local uses and global contexts through which it emerged. Focusing on the particularly relevant setting of France, it examines the term’s invention in the context of the Cold War, development thinking, and decolonization. It then analyses the reviewPartisans(founded in 1961), which galvanized a new radical left in France and provided a platform for a communication about, but also with, the Third World. Finally, it shows how the association Cedetim (founded in 1967) addressed migrant workers in France as ‘the Third World at home’. In tracing the Third World’s local–global dynamics, this article suggests a praxis-oriented approach that goes beyond famous thinkers and texts and incorporates ‘lesser’ intellectuals and non-textual aspects into a global conceptual history in action.

Cold War Hong Kong

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Global Cold War

In Hong Kong the rules of the global Cold War were often suspended. Or perhaps it is fairer to say that the territory epitomized to the ultimate degree many of the ambiguities and contradictions of the Cold War, a confrontation that, however fierce its rhetoric, was usually characterized by pragmatic caution, at least where the major powers were concerned. The story of Hong Kong during the Cold War reinforces a growing body of scholarship on the period that suggests that, while situating the history of post-1945 Asia in “a globalized Cold War context,” one must also remember that Asia “had its own internal dynamics and trajectories, and it evolved in ways that were not entirely the making of the big powers.”

Latin American Tercermundistas in the Soviet Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-240
Author(s):  
Tobias Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter complicates conventional understandings of Latin America’s Cold War by looking at the travels of tercermundista intellectuals and activists to all parts of the USSR. Visits of intellectuals from the global South to the Cold War Soviet Union have hardly been studied. Accounts of the history of Cold War Latin America have put the Soviet Union, as a political and intellectual point of reference, aside too readily. The early Cold War was a time of enhanced, and rather successful, Soviet attempts to present their country in a positive light towards the emerging Third World. Those Latin Americans who developed a sense of belonging with the Third World in the 1960s, this chapter demonstrates, were still susceptible to the lures of certain characteristics of the Soviet state and suggested their implementation in their home countries. The reason for the positive perception came, on the one hand, as a result of very lavishly funded and well conducted programmes for Third World visitors in the Soviet Union.

The village as Cold War site: experts, development, and the history of rural reconstruction

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Sackley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Third World ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Rural Welfare ◽  
Universal Category ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Village ◽  
Hearts And Minds

AbstractThis article examines ‘the village’ as a category of development knowledge used by policymakers and experts to remake the ‘Third World’ during the Cold War. The idea of the village as a universal category of underdevelopment, capable of being remade by expert-led social reform, structured efforts to win the ‘hearts and minds’ of people from Asia to Latin America and Africa. Rooted in a transnational interwar movement for rural reconstruction, village projects were transformed in the 1950s and 1960s by a scientization of development that narrowed the range of experts in the field and by Cold War politics that increasingly tied development to anti-communism and counterinsurgency. From India to Central America, strategic efforts to control rural populations won out over concerns for rural welfare.

Tashkent ‘68: A Cinematic Contact Zone

Slavic Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossen Djagalov ◽  
Masha Salazkina
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Third World ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Third ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractThis essay seeks to reconstruct the history of the first Tashkent Festival of Cinemas of Asia and Africa (1968). It offers an account of the festival as a highly heterogeneous and productive site for better understanding the complex relationship between the Soviet bloc and the Third World in the crucial moment between the victory of post-colonial independence movement and the end of the Cold War.

The Making of Global Inequality

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Christian Olaf Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Third World ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Cold War

This article is a history of postwar discourse on an unequal world. This discourse was profoundly shaped by new influences: quantitative data and an expanding inequality research infrastructure, the “birth of development,” decolonization, human rights, the global Cold War, and theories of the world as one integrated global system. Examining academic journal articles written in English, this article traces the emergence of global inequality in the aftermath of the World Food Crisis of 1972–1975. Originally, global inequality was as much about power as about income differentials, mainly referring to multiple inequalities between the so-called Third World and the First. However, even as the late 1960s and the 1970s saw an increased politicization of the discourse on an unequal world, global inequality did not become a key concept in the 1970s.

scholarly journals Cultural worker as an agent of influence

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Misa Djurkovic
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Cultural Worker

The author starts with the question of how in today?s supposedly post-sovereign world, cultural patterns are being established and changed. It is observed that the culture today has become a real battlefield and that the process of inculcating cultural and value patterns takes the form of psychological warfare. Therefore, the author specifically focuses on the figure of the so-called agent of influence, exploring how this agent influences the fields of culture and cultural policy. Particularly interesting for investigation from the history of the twentieth century is the cultural propaganda of the Comintern between the two world wars, and the intelligence and propaganda activities of the CIA during the Cold War. After these examples from an international arena, the author analyzes the activities of foreign agents of influence in the cultural and educational policy of Serbia. The author concludes that for effective defense and counter-intelligence protection of a state from such attacks, it has to have a clear awareness of the national interest as a starting point.

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