Governing India: Evolution of Programmatic Welfare in Andhra Pradesh

How can clientelistic politics be transformed into programmatic politics in a subnational state with a well-recorded history of patronage politics? We explore institutional pathways away from clientelism by systematically explicating clientelistic propensities with programmatic citizen-oriented ones in undivided Andhra Pradesh. This paper engages with a paradigm shift in policy from clientelistic to programmatic service delivery in rural development by exploring three major rural welfare programmes in undivided Andhra Pradesh: need-based redistribution, evolution of self-help groups and implementation of the right to work in India through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme. We argue that the capacity of the state to deliver owes a great deal to bureaucratic puzzling and political powering over developmental ideas. We combine powering and puzzling within the state to argue the case for how these ideas tip after evolving in a path-dependent way.

A PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL RURAL SOB CHECK-UP: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DOS DADOS ENCONTRADOS E SOLUÇÕES PARA A SUA DESJUDICIALIZAÇÃO.

The purpose of this paper is to uncover the numbers of rural social security, with the aim of critically analyzing them, and to point out ways to enable their judicialization. For this purpose, as a methodology, the jurisprudence of the higher courts was researched, exploratory bibliographic research and quantitative and qualitative analyzes were used. It was discovered, verbi gratia, that the amount of rural social security benefits paid by the INSS, in 2015, was 50% higher than the population residing in the rural area, something enigmatic and that demanded investigation. In order to better understand this complex Brazilian social security framework –especially the one related to the rural area– the numbers referring to social security benefits aimed at urban and rural clients, the amount of urban and rural benefits per region will be displayed in this disquisition. country, which types of benefits are granted in greater volume, the degree of judicialization of social security claims by type of benefits and the importance of rural social security for municipal economies, among other no less relevant data. Finally, after a critical analysis of the denoted data, some ways will be pointed out to better understand what has been happening with the Brazilian rural welfare and what are the most appropriate solutions to be implemented to correct the distortions found.

Tribe and Tribal Welfare in Gandhian Thoughts

Gandhi is best known for his sarvodaya movement where he talked of ‘welfare for all’. His focus was on the deprived section of the countrymen who constituted a majority of India’s population. Thus, the term was often referred to as antodaya, i.e., ‘Rise to the last men’. Gandhi was not very particular about ‘tribe’, as to him, tribes were a part of rural communities who were exploited by the powerful class of people; thus, they required welfare measures. Gandhi’s mission and vision towards tribes was mainly an outcome of his constant association with Thakkar Bapa, who had been well exposed to the exploitation and helpless misery of tribal life, especially of the Bhil people of Gujarat under the British rule. To Gandhi, tribal welfare and rural welfare were same. However, he believed that tribals were simple people. His interaction with the Zulu people in Africa exposed him to the bare truth of exploitation of the tribal people by the colonial rulers. To his idea, the tribes should be approached on the basis of non-violence, accepting the principles of a democratic society and the fundamental equality and unity of man. The process of social domination and political imposition should be avoided. Welfare measures should be taken up on the basis of understanding their society and culture. Gandhi’s concept of Sarvodaya, i.e., welfare of all also had a purpose to bring the majority of Indians in the struggle for independence. He believed that India’s independence cannot be achieved without participation of its rural masses that formed the majority of Indian population. Gandhi dreamt of a society with equity among all members in fundamental necessities of life including education. His dream is yet to be chased.

Estimating the Impact of Welfare Programs on Agricultural Output: Evidence from India

Rural welfare programs are implemented for a variety of reasons. However, of key importance is to understand how government spending under such programs affects local agricultural output which is a key measure of economic activity in developing economies. This article estimates the local multiplicative effects of transfer spending by the government using a novel data-set of state-level expenditure under rural welfare programs in India. Using government records as narrative evidence, I use the motivation to implement new programs at the national level to construct changes in transfer spending that are largely exogenous to fluctuations in agricultural output at the state level. I estimate local multipliers using this “narrative shock series” and find government transfers to be quite consequential for local economic activity.

Pemberdayaan UMKM Berbasis “One Village One Product (OVOP)” Sebagai Gerakan Ekonomi Kerakyatan Pada Industri Logam Desa Hadipolo Kudus

<p>One Village One Product (OVOP) is one of the programs initiated by the government in order to improve rural welfare and equality through empowering MSMEs. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of the development of OVOP in the metal industry MSMEs in the Hadipolo, Jekulo Kudus. This research is a type of field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The technique of collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique starts from reducing data to concluding. The parameters of OVOP-based empowerment analysis include objectives, initiators, parties involved, sources of funding, implementation stage, form of participation in determining products, designs, forms of assistance and marketing channels. The results of the study show that all of these parameters have been running but have not reached the maximum, efforts need to be made to improve.</p>