LATINOS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF RACIAL DEMOGRAPHY

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Christopher Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Racial Perceptions ◽  
Antidiscrimination Law ◽  
Demographic Data Collection

AbstractU.S. federal agencies should treat Latinos as a racial or quasi-racial group in demographic data collection, rather than an ethnic or pan-ethnic group, as they do currently. Survey data must rely on self-reported racial and ethnic identification. But people often identify their own race differently from how others perceive them. In order for self-reported survey data to be useful for the enforcement of antidiscrimination law, it is important that it tracks how others perceive the respondents’ race and ethnicity, not just how they see themselves. To capture racial perceptions of Latinos, government surveys need to balance three subsidiary criteria: the promotion of self-reported racial identifications that are useful as a proxy for the perceptions of others; the ability to measure intra-group differences in how Latinos are racially perceived; and the extent to which Latinos are collectively perceived as a race. A survey format that treated Latinos as a racial group would likely be more amenable to these goals than the current format, but there are some areas, which this paper identifies, where further empirical research is needed in order to be sure.

scholarly journals Characteristics of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw with oral versus intravenous bisphosphonate treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hun Lee ◽  
So-Young Choi ◽  
Min-Su Bae ◽  
Tae-Geon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Bisphosphonate Treatment ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Lesion Number ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Intravenous Bisphosphonate

Abstract Purpose This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw who were receiving oral versus intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate (BP). Materials and methods This retrospective study enrolled subjects who had been diagnosed with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) during the period from July 2010 to June 2014. Information regarding the following demographic and clinical characteristics was collected: demographic data, administration route and type of BP, duration of BP medication, primary disease, number of involved sites, location of the lesion, number of surgeries, outcome of treatments, and laboratory test. All the patients were divided into oral and IV BP groups; and the between-group differences were compared. Results Total 278 patients were divided into two groups as per the route of BP administration. The proportion of oral BP-related MRONJ group were more dominant over IV BP group (oral BP, n = 251; IV BP, n = 27). In the IV BP group, the average dosing duration (31.4 months) was significantly shorter than that in the oral BP group (53.1 months) (P < 0.001). The average number of involved sites in the oral BP group (1.21 ± 0.48) was smaller than that in the IV BP group (1.63 ± 0.84) (P < 0.001). The average number of surgeries was higher in the IV BP group (1.65 ± 0.95) as compared to that in the oral BP group (0.98 ± 0.73) (P < 0.001). Outcome after the surgery for MRONJ after IV BP was poor than oral BP group. Conclusion IV administration of BP causes greater inhibition of bone remodeling and could lead more severe inflammation. Therefore, even if the duration of IV administration of BP is shorter than that of oral BP, the extent of the lesion could be more extensive. Therefore, the result suggests that the MRONJ after IV BP for cancer patients needs to be considered as different characteristics to oral BP group for osteoporosis patents.

Scientific Racism in Modern America, 1870s–1990s

Prospects ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 471-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Cravens
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Cultural Authority ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Scientific Racism ◽  
National Population

In post-Darwinian times, Americans have usually thought of the national population as divided into many distinct races and ethnic groups. The notions and definitions they have used for a race and an ethnic group have varied from one age to another. Although Americans have not needed the resources of science to believe that some races and ethnic groups are superior to others, in these times science has become a powerful symbol of cultural authority. For the racist, the assistance of science has often been useful. In this essay, it is important to distinguish between the scientific discourse on race and ethnicity whose participants do not necessarily assume that groups differ in value, and that of scientific racism, whose participants might or might not be scientists, but who have consistently assumed that science proves the existence of permanent group differences and legitimates the assertion that some groups are inherently superior to others. Here we shall discuss the latter.

scholarly journals Assessment of racial and ethnic bias in autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates from a US surveillance system

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1927-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Imm ◽  
Tiffany White ◽  
Maureen S Durkin
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

This study assessed potential under-ascertainment of autism spectrum disorder due to missing administrative information for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children within the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. We analyzed data from two Network sites (Colorado and Wisconsin) for surveillance years 2012 and 2014 to determine whether children excluded from autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates due to missing residency and other information differed from those included by race and ethnicity. We used multiple approaches to impute missing information to evaluate impacts on racial and ethnic disparities in autism spectrum disorder prevalence. Compared with confirmed autism spectrum disorder cases, those excluded due to missing residency were more than twice as likely to be Hispanic (19% vs 44%; p < 0.002), yet the number of cases excluded due to missing residency information was too small to account for prevalence differences. Confirmation of autism spectrum disorder case status was more likely for children with relevant health records than for those with school records only. Moreover, relevant health records were more likely to be missing for Black and Hispanic children than for White children. Observed disparities in autism spectrum disorder prevalence were not accounted for by missing demographic data, but may reflect disparities in healthcare access for developmental evaluations.

Construing the Essence: The Effects of Construal Level on Genetic Attributions for Individual and Social Group Differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1395-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Napier ◽  
Jamie B. Luguri ◽  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
Kathleen A. Oltman
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Contextual Influence ◽  
Mind Set

The present research links a nonsocial, contextual influence (construal level) to the tendency to endorse genetic attributions for individual and social group differences. Studies 1 to 3 show that people thinking in an abstract (vs. concrete) mind-set score higher on a measure of genetic attributions for individual and racial group differences. Study 4 showed that abstract (vs. concrete) construal also increased genetic attributions for novel groups. Study 5 explored the potential downstream consequences of construal on intergroup attitudes, and found that abstract (vs. concrete) construal led people to endorse genetic attributions in general and this was associated with increased anti-Black prejudice.

Does a Federal Glass Ceiling Have Differential Effects on Female and Male Technology Entrepreneurs?

2022 ◽  
pp. 1963-1979
Author(s):  
Todd M. Inouye ◽  
Jeffrey A. Robinson ◽  
Amol M. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Organizational Barriers ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Negative Predictor

Glass ceilings are invisible organizational barriers encountered by underrepresented groups in large hierarchies. This chapter empirically investigates the existence and characteristics of an internal, government-wide glass ceiling for female employees using aggregate pay grade and demographic data on nearly 1.5 million U.S. Federal employees between 2001-2011. The external consequences for over 15,000 technology ventures seeking R&D funding from 12 federal agencies is explored. In this context, the researchers analyze over 50,000 grants and find that a unit increase in a novel, government-wide, glass ceiling measure is a meaningful and negative predictor of subsequent Phase II funding outcomes for Phase I grantees. More importantly, the negative external effects of the identified glass ceilings are significantly larger for women technology entrepreneurs when compared to their male counterparts.

scholarly journals From "Looking for Alibrandi" to "Does my Head Look Big in This?": The role of Australian teenage novels in reconceptualising racialised-gendered identities

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Zannettino
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Biological Race

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of three Australian teenage novels – Melina Marchetta’s ‘Looking for Alibrandi’ (1992), Randa Abdel-Fattah’s ‘Does my Head Look Big in This?’ (2005), and Morris Gleitzman’s ‘Girl Underground’ (2004). Drawing from feminist post-structural and post-colonial theories, the paper examines how each author has constructed the racialised-gendered identities of their female protagonists, including the ways in which they struggle to develop an identity in-between minority and dominant cultures. Also considered is how each author inter-weaves race, gender and class to produce subjects that are positioned differently across minority and dominant cultures. The similarities in how the authors have inscribed race and ethnicity on the subjectivities of their female characters, despite the novels being written at different points in time and focusing on different racial and ethnic identities, suggest that what it means to be a raced subject in Australia has more to do with the significance of all-at-once ‘belonging’ and ‘not belonging’ to the dominant culture, of ‘inclusion’ and ‘exclusion’ and of ‘sameness’ and ‘otherness’, than it has with the unique characteristics of biological race and ethnic identification. The paper argues that this kind of fiction carries with it an implicit pedagogy about race relations in Australia, which has the potential to subvert oppressive binary dualisms of race and gender by demonstrating possibilities for the development of hybrid cultural identities and ‘collaborations of humanity’.

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