Growth patterns of the ladybird (Harmonia axyridis Pallas) relative to variations in population genetics

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Kuang ◽  
N. N. Xiao

AbstractDifferences in population growth among four variation types of the ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, namely succinea, conspicua, spectabilis and aulica, were investigated using various growth parameters. The variation types showed three growth patterns from the intrinsic growth rates (rm), with rates of 0.093–0.099 (for conspicua and aulica), 0.073 (for succinea) and 0.040 (for spectabilis). The growth rates of these patterns were realised in different ways. Spectabilis differed from the other three types in the age and per cent distribution of the specific period to the rm values.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay Saiya ◽  
Stuti Manchanda

Abstract This article examines the effect of church–state relations on rates of Christian population growth or decline worldwide. It makes the paradoxical argument that contexts of both pluralism and persecution do not impede Christian growth rates. In these environments, Christians do not have the luxury of becoming complacent. On one hand, pluralism means that Christianity must actively compete with other faith traditions in order to gain and maintain adherents. On the other hand, persecution can, paradoxically, sometimes strengthen Christianity by deepening attachments to faith and reinforcing solidarity among Christians. Rather, it is a third type of relationship—privilege, or state support for Christianity—that corresponds to the greatest threat to growth in Christianity. Countries where Christianity is privileged by the state encourage apathy and the politicization of religion, resulting in a less dynamic faith and the overall decline of Christian populations. We test these propositions using a cross-national, time-series analysis of a global sample of countries from 2010 to 2020. Our findings provide support for our theory that Christianity suffers in contexts of privilege but not in environments of pluralism or persecution. The finding is robust to a number of model specifications and statistical approaches.


BioControl ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Takahashi ◽  
Motoaki Kinoshita ◽  
Shuhei Adachi ◽  
Tomokazu Seko ◽  
Makoto Tokuda

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Julianne Milléo ◽  
Rafael de Andrade Moral ◽  
Francisco Sales Fernandes ◽  
Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy

Resumo. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a resposta funcional dos instares larvais e adultos de três espécies de coccinelídeos predadores [Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus) e Hippodamia convergens Guerin Meneville] em diferentes densidades de Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), comparando o desempenho da espécie invasora com as espécies locais. Observou-se que H. axyridis consumiu mais insetos que as outras espécies; o número de pulgões predados pelas três espécies de coccinelídeos aumentou com a troca do instares larvais e, que as fêmeas tenderam a predar mais pulgões que os machos. A voracidade das larvas de 4º instar é similar a dos adultos, às vezes até maior, como no caso da C. sanguinea. Exceto no 1º instar larval, todos os outros estágios de vida mostraram aumento do consumo de pulgões à medida que a oferta de presas aumenta. Os resultados mostraram que a resposta funcional do tipo III foi indicada apenas pelas larvas de 3º instar de H. axyridis e nas demais espécies e estágios avaliados a resposta funcional foi do tipo II. Em geral H. axyridis apresentou assíntotas das respostas funcionais mais elevadas em comparação com as espécies anteriormente estabelecidas. Entretanto, a diferença entre a magnitude das curvas de respostas funcionais entre a invasora e as espécies locais não é muito acentuada, o que pode indicar pouco impacto da invasora sobre a população de recursos no campo e, uma tendência a adaptação e estabilização entre estas espécies da comunidade intraguilda.Functional response compared between Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus) and Hippodamia convergens Guerin Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)Abstract. The study evaluated the functional response of larval instars and adult of three species of coccinellids predator [Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus) and Hippodamia convergens Guerin Meneville] in different densities of Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), comparing the performance of the invasive species with the local species. It was observed that H. axyridis consumed more insects than the other species; the number of aphids preyed by the three species of coccinellids increased with the exchange of larval instars and that females tended to prey more aphids than males. The voracity of the 4th instar larvae is similar to that of adults, sometimes even larger, as in the case of C. sanguinea. Except for the first larval instar, all other stages of life have shown increased aphid consumption as the supply of prey increases. The results showed that the functional response of type III was indicated only by the 3rd instar larvae of H. axyridis and in the other species and stages evaluated the functional response was type II. In general H. axyridis presented asymptotes of the highest functional responses in comparison to the previously established species. However, the difference between the magnitude of the functional response curves between the invasive and the local species is not very pronounced, which may indicate little impact of the invasive on the population of resources in the field and a tendency to adaptation and stabilization between these species of the intraguild community.


1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar

The relatively high levels of mortality in Pakistan compared to the rest of the Asian region, particularly countries like Sri Lanka and China, have kept population growth rates in check. However, on the other hand, persistently high levels of infant-child mortality are more than often argued to be a strong factor working against a fertility decline in Pakistan. It is without doubt that bringing about further mortality declines is most definitely desirable and government policy has addressed this issue. However, the major thrust of official effort in the past few decades has been towards the curtailment of high fertility levels.


1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohko Obata ◽  
Toshitaka Hidaka

Sperm transfer in the aphidophagous ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, is by a spermatophore (unpublished data). Although the utilization of spermatophores in insects has been considered to be a more primitive method of insemination than direct sperm transfer, males of many orders produce spermatophores (Chapman 1969; Gerber 1970; Leopold 1976). The remains of the spermatophore, after the sperm has migrated to the spermatheca, is ejected by the female in some species and dissolved within the female genital tract in others (Chapman 1969; Leopold 1976). In Coccinellidae, Fisher (1959) reported on spermatophore formation of Chilocorus spp. and indicated that the female ejected the empty spermatophore 18–24 h after copulation. In this paper evidence is presented that H. uxyridis females not only eject the empty spermatophore but also feed on it.


2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade D. Smith ◽  
Gregor M. Cailliet ◽  
Enric Cortés

Despite their abundance in near-shore tropical and subtropical marine environments, which support much of the world’s elasmobranch fisheries, population dynamics and impacts of fisheries on stingrays are poorly documented. Age-structured demographic models were developed using empirical estimates of fecundity, longevity and maturity to project population growth parameters and potential responses to fishing mortality of Dasyatis dipterura from the Bahía Magdalena lagoon complex, México. Monte Carlo simulation was incorporated to include uncertainty in life history parameters into model projections. Six models were developed using deterministic and probabilistic approaches under unexploited and exploited (fishing mortality = 0.05 year–1) conditions. Mean annual population growth rates (λ) of 1.05–1.06 (5–6% increase), net reproductive rates of 2.3–2.4 and generation times of 14.9–16.5 years were projected from simulations. The introduction of a low fishing mortality into probabilistic models produced λ of 1.01 year–1. Elasticity analysis indicated that population growth rates for D. dipterura are more strongly influenced by the survival of juvenile and adult stages than by survival of neonates or changes in fecundity. Demographic analyses indicated that D. dipterura has a low intrinsic growth potential and limited resilience to fishing pressure. Localised depletion or population collapses are therefore likely to occur through unrestricted, unmonitored fishing effort.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Séverin Hatt ◽  
Naoya Osawa

While insect predators need high-quality food to reach sexual maturity and reproduce, starvation following adult eclosion may occur when prey are missing in agroecosystems. This study explores whether the type of diet available at eclosion determines the future fecundity of newly emerged adult predators. In a laboratory experiment, three different diets (i.e., flowers of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller as prey, or no food) were offered to adult females of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas during their first three days after adult eclosion. On the fourth day, each female was paired with a prey-fed male and the pair was subsequently fed with prey. Diet at eclosion did not affect pre-oviposition time, the number of eggs oviposited daily, or the viability of egg batches. High variability in pre-oviposition time among females was observed for all diets. Significant negative linear relationships were found between pre-oviposition time and both the number of eggs oviposited daily and the viability of egg batches. This study clarifies that the food readily available at adult eclosion does not affect the capacity of H. axyridis to reproduce, provided that adults find prey within a few days. More generally, it shows that the reproductive traits of H. axyridis allow this generalist predator to be highly adapted to heterogenous environments in its native range. It is concluded that the variety of habitats offered by diversified agroecosystems may highly benefit the ladybird beetle H. axyridis, and potentially enhance its ability to biologically regulate crop pests.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document