The diet selection of weaned piglets in different group sizes

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
J.A. Dalby ◽  
M.A. Varley ◽  
J.M. Forbes ◽  
S. Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Selection Of

The diet selection of weaned piglets may vary according to the social environment in which they are housed. Many choice feeding experiments have been performed with pigs housed individually, in order to monitor their food intake and preferences effectively (e.g. Kyriazakis and Emmans, 1990; Kyriazakis, Emmans and Whittemore, 1991). However commercial animals are usually housed in groups and their feeding behaviour may differ from that of individual animals as a result of social interactions (Haer and Merks, 1992). This could have associated effects on the diet selection of pigs. The intention of this experiment was to observe the behaviour and production information of pigs offered a choice of foods, that differed only in their crude protein (CP) levels, and compare this with pigs offered a single food. Pigs were housed individually, in groups of two or eight.

The diet selection of weaned piglets in different group sizes

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
J.A. Dalby ◽  
M.A. Varley ◽  
J.M. Forbes ◽  
S. Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Selection Of

The diet selection of weaned piglets may vary according to the social environment in which they are housed. Many choice feeding experiments have been performed with pigs housed individually, in order to monitor their food intake and preferences effectively (e.g. Kyriazakis and Emmans, 1990; Kyriazakis, Emmans and Whittemore, 1991). However commercial animals are usually housed in groups and their feeding behaviour may differ from that of individual animals as a result of social interactions (Haer and Merks, 1992). This could have associated effects on the diet selection of pigs. The intention of this experiment was to observe the behaviour and production information of pigs offered a choice of foods, that differed only in their crude protein (CP) levels, and compare this with pigs offered a single food. Pigs were housed individually, in groups of two or eight.

Selection of diets differing in sulphur content by sheep in sulphur adequate or depleted states

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
J. Hills ◽  
J.V. Nolan ◽  
G.N. Hinch ◽  
J.J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
State Study ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Selection Of

Recent studies have shown that when offered a choice of feeds with different concentrations of a particular nutrient (crude protein), sheep can select a diet that meets their current requirements (Kyriazakis and Oldham 1993). To further examine this diet selection behaviour a choice of foods differing in the concentration of S was offered to sheep that were either in a sulphur (S) adequate or a S depleted state. Study of S selection was considered to be the next logical step after protein because of its role in the synthesis of proteins by the rumen micro-organisms.

The interactive effects of novel food flavours and food composition on the diet selection of sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
G. Arsenos ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Selection Of

Animals have predispositions towards the organoleptic properties, such as flavours, of the foods available to them. These predispositions can influence the feeding behaviour and diet selection of animals and prevent from, or enable them to select a diet that meets their nutrient requirements, in both short - and longer - run (Forbes and Kyriazakis, 1995). In this experiment, we investigated whether predispositions of sheep for novel food flavours could affect their diet selection when offered a choice between two foods with different nutrient content. The specific hypotheses tested were that such predispositions are: (i ) influenced by the nutritional quality of the food that are associated with, and (ii) affected by the current nutritional state of the animal.

The diet selection of lambs offered food choices of different nutrient density

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
S.D.B. Cooper ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Selection Of

Cropper (1987) considered the influence of the ‘bulkiness’ of foods upon the diet selections made by growing lambs. The food pairs offered differed in both crude protein (CP) concentration and digestibility. The lambs offered such choices did not completely avoid the more bulky food, which would have been expected from an optimal foraging point of view (Krebs & McCleery, 1984). This led to the suggestion that the consumption of small quantities of the more bulky food was beneficial to the lamb, perhaps to maintain rumen function. The foods used in Cropper's (1987) experiment had different metabolisable energy concentrations and so the ratio of protein:energy would have varied between foods, thus these lambs may have attempted to select diets in order to achieve a specific ratio of such nutrients.The objective of this experiment was to test whether nutrient density (concentrations of protein and energy) has an influence upon diet selection. This was achieved by offering pairs of foods with different nutrient densities but a constant ratio of metabolisable protein (MP): metabolisable energy.

Diet Selection of Weaned Piglets - Is a Training Period Necessary?

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
J.A. Dalby ◽  
J.M. Forbes ◽  
M.A. Varley ◽  
S. Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Selection Of

The requirements of a weaned piglet are expected to change systematically over the period 6kg-25kg. Commonly during this time animals will be offered two diets. However, initially on each diet the animal may be restricted because it's protein requirements are in excess of that supplied by the diet. Then latterly, amino acids may be oversupplied requiring deamination of the excess by the pig. This is a costly process, in terms of the energy required by the pig and commercially, in terms of food protein costs. This system also does not take into account differing individual requirements within a group of pigs due to genotype, sex, maturity and stage of growth. As a result potential benefits are to be obtained if weaned piglets can be shown to choose an adequate diet, meeting their individual requirements, when given a choice of feeds.

Effect of group size on the feeding behaviour of pigs using a computerized single-space feeding system.

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 9-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Nielsen ◽  
C T Whittemore ◽  
A B Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Selection Of

In the past selection programmes for pigs have been based on measurements from individually housed animals. The manual weighing of food and refusals to obtain information on individual food intake is labour-consuming, and the housing method different to that found on most commercial farms where growing pigs are housed in groups. The selection of pigs in one environment to be kept in another often leads to a discrepancy between performance results achieved by pig breeders and those obtained in a commercial situation (Merks, 1989).

scholarly journals Sharing Music: Social and Communal Aspects of Concert-Going

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy K. Dearn ◽  
Sarah M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Chamber Music ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Symphony Orchestra ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
Selection Of

There is increasing interest in the academic community to better understand how concert audiences experience and value live classical music (Kolb 2000; Pitts 2005; Pitts et al. 2013; Radbourne, Glow & Johanson 2013). Numerous authors have recognised the social value of concert attendance, especially important for infrequent and young attendees (Brown 2002; ACE 2004), however it is often assumed that frequent attendees are motivated by purely aesthetic reasons. Similarly, it has been acknowledged that a listener’s experience of a concert is impacted by the presence of other audience members (Pitts 2005), yet there has been little research on the nature of the ‘community’ formed by a concert audience. In this paper, we wish to share our initial findings from our two collaborative doctoral awards in partnership with a regional chamber music promoter and a regional symphony orchestra. Through questionnaires, focus groups and interviews with audience members, we have sought to add additional understanding of concert attendance as a form of socialising, the short-term communal aspects of being ‘in-audience’, and the longer-term communities that surround cultural institutions, which can be seen to be displaying fan-like qualities. We aim to demonstrate that aesthetic pleasure is never the only motivating factor behind concert attendance, even for frequent attendees, as their selection of concerts and their listening experiences are always influenced by social interactions.  

The effect of physiological state (late pregnancy) on the diet selection of ewes

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
S.D.B. Cooper ◽  
I Kyriazakis ◽  
D. H. Anderson ◽  
J. D. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Previous studies of diet selection, in a controlled environment (Hou et al, 1991; Kyriazakis & Oldham, 1992) have demonstrated that growing lambs are able to select, from foods differing in crude protein content, a diet which meets their requirements for protein. Little consideration has been given to the effect of other physiological states upon diet selection. The ewe in the last eight weeks before lambing has been chosen as further model; during this period ewes have an increasing requirement for metabolisable energy and protein in order to supply the growth and development of the foetus and maternal tissues. In addition the foetus has an increasing absolute requirement for glucose, which must be supplied by the ewe herself via gluconeogenesis.The objective of this experiment was determine whether ewes are able to select a diet, from a pair of foods, which enables them to supply these requirements for metabolisable energy and protein. Secondly it was hoped that the size of the pool of non amino precursors could be altered and so it would be possible to test whether the availability of such precursors would have an influence upon the selection for protein.

The determination of meal criteria for cows: the use of mixed distribution models

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
M. P. Yeates ◽  
B. J. Tolkamp ◽  
D. J. Allcroft ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Diet Choice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
Choice Feeding

Analysis of short-term feeding behaviour may improve our understanding of food intake regulation and diet choice. Feeding behaviour of animals consists of feeding events separated by non-feeding intervals. Feeding events are often observed to be clustered into bouts that may be called meals. Determining a meal criterion (the longest non-feeding interval which is accepted as part of a meal) allows feeding events to be grouped into meals. Tolkamp & Kyriazakis (1999) presented a model that described three populations of loge-transformed intervals in the form of three normal distributions (Gaussians). These populations represent intervals within meals, with or without drinking, and intervals between meals. This model predicted that the probability of a meal starting, first increased, then decreased, with time since the last meal. This is in contrast to the satiety concept, which predicts that the probability of an animal starting a meal will increase with time since the last meal. This study aims at developing a model that best describes, biologically and statistically, the distribution of non-feeding intervals, thus leading to a more accurate meal criteria.

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