Urinary recovery of allantoin in normally fed steers

Studies in the use of the purine derivatives technique in ruminants have been stimulated by the possible use of this technique as an estimator of the rumen microbial-N supplied to the host animal. The recovery factor influences the estimation of the total purines absorbed and therefore the microbial-N supply. The relationship between exogenous purine input and urinary excretion and recovery has been studied using cattle maintained with the intragastric infusion technique (Orskov et al., 1979). The urinary recovery of exogenous purines has been estimated to be 0.77-0.85 (Chen et al., 1990a, Verbic et al., 1990), and this relationship has been assumed to be applicable to normal feeding situations. To our knowledge there is no data to support or reject this approach. This study examined the urinary recovery of exogenous allantoin input in steers under normal feeding conditions.

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The relationship between microbial N synthesis and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.09.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 112 (1-3) ◽

pp. 49-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tao Ma ◽

Kaidong Deng ◽

Chenggang Jiang ◽

Yan Tu ◽

Naifeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

The Relationship ◽

Microbial N

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Urinary purine derivatives excretion in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600032360 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 23-23

Author(s):

F. Herrera Gomez ◽

F.D.DeB Hovell ◽

C.A. Sandoval Castro

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Non Invasive ◽

N Supply ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Invasive Method ◽

Microbial N

The purine derivatives (PD) have been proposed as a non-invasive method to estimate microbial-N supply to the small intestine (Chen et al., 1990a; Verbic et al., 1990). The use of PD urinary excretion has the advantage that it can be used with intact animals thus reducing the concern of animal welfare issues. Although, there are known differences in purine metabolism between cattle (B. taurus), sheep and buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) (Chen et al., 1990b; Chen et al., 1996), no direct comparison of PD urinary excretion has been made so far between cattle especies, therefore, the objective of the present experiment was to compare PD urinary excretion of B. taurus and B. indicus cattle fed similar diets under tropical conditions.

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Urinary purine derivatives excretion in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200596756 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 23-23

Author(s):

F. Herrera Gomez ◽

F.D.DeB Hovell ◽

C.A. Sandoval Castro

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Non Invasive ◽

N Supply ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Invasive Method ◽

Microbial N

The purine derivatives (PD) have been proposed as a non-invasive method to estimate microbial-N supply to the small intestine (Chen et al., 1990a; Verbic et al., 1990). The use of PD urinary excretion has the advantage that it can be used with intact animals thus reducing the concern of animal welfare issues. Although, there are known differences in purine metabolism between cattle (B. taurus), sheep and buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) (Chen et al., 1990b; Chen et al., 1996), no direct comparison of PD urinary excretion has been made so far between cattle especies, therefore, the objective of the present experiment was to compare PD urinary excretion of B. taurus and B. indicus cattle fed similar diets under tropical conditions.

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Urinary excretion of allantoin and allantoin precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusion into the duodenum

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960007773x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 116 (2) ◽

pp. 309-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

J. Balcells ◽

J. A. Guada ◽

C. Castrillo ◽

J. Gasa

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Urinary Recovery ◽

Purine Derivative ◽

Purine Bases ◽

Proximal Duodenum ◽

Maintenance Requirements ◽

The Relationship ◽

Energy Maintenance

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out to determine endogenous losses and the response of urinary purine derivatives to increased duodenal inputs of purine bases. Four ewes each fitted with a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum, and conventionally fed, were subjected to full replacement of duodenal digesta followed by the administration of a solution either free of purines (Expt 1) or enriched with increasing amounts of purines, to supply 0·48–21·27 mmol/animal per day (Expt 2). Basal daily urinary excretions of allantoin, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine were 11·5 ± 0·94, 9·9 ± 0·67, 6·9 ± 0·46 and 1·2 ±0·16 mg/kg W0·75. Allantoin was the only purine derivative which increased in response to incremental inputs of duodenal purines. The relationship between allantoin excretion and infused purines showed a urinary recovery of 0·8 for purines infused at > 220 μmol/kg W0·76. Lower rates of infusion did not alter allantoin excretion. The results show urinary allantoin to be a useful index to estimate duodenal input of purines when animals are fed close to or above their energy maintenance requirements.

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Effect of form and of quality of feed on the concentrations of purine derivatives in urinary spot samples, daily microbial N supply and predictability of intake

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0377-8401(00)00138-3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 85 (3-4) ◽

pp. 223-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

I.V Nsahlai ◽

P.O Osuji ◽

N.N Umunna

Keyword(s):

Purine Derivatives ◽

N Supply ◽

Microbial N

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Renal and salivary clearance of purine derivatives in sheep

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800016337 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 83-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. C. Surra ◽

J. A. Guada ◽

J. Balcells ◽

C. Castrillo

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Buccal Cavity ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Secretion ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Urinary Recovery ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Saline Solutions

AbstractFour adult ewes (mean weight 42·6 kg) fitted with oesophageal fistulae were given 5 mmol/day ofallantoin or saline solutions by intrajugular continuous infusion. The experiment was a randomized cross-over design, with two consecutive 3-day infusion periods. One kg/day fresh matter of either chopped or pelleted fescue hay was distributed over 12 meals and salivary flow estimated from dilution of Co-EDTA infused into the buccal cavity. Allantoin infusion resulted in a rapid increase in its plasma concentration (84 to 128 (s.e. 1·5) μmol/l) and urinary excretion (9·6 to 13·3 (s.e. 0·18) mmol/day) without significant differences between diets. Salivary allantoin also increased (4·6 to 6·4 (s.e. 0·60) ymol/1) in response to infusion, although the concentration of total purine derivatives in saliva was only proportionately 0·08 that of plasma. Renal and salivary clearance of oxypurines, allantoin (78 (s.e. 5·0) ml/min and 13 (s.e. 0·7) ml/h), uric acid (466 (s.e. 98·0) ml/min and 45 (s.e. 9·8) ml/h) and creatinine (104 (s.e. 3·0) ml/min and 14 (s.e. 1·1) ml/h) were constant, irrespective of diet and infusion treatments. Urinary recovery of infused allantoin averaged 0·78 (s.e. 0·031) but salivary secretion, equivalent to about 0·003 of urinary losses, was not the explanation for the incomplete recovery.

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Effect of dietary protein variation in terms of net truly digested intestinal protein (DVE) and rumen degraded protein balance (OEB) on the concentrations and excretion of urinary creatinine, purine derivatives and microbial N supply in sheep: comparison with the prediction from the DVE/OEB model

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00271-1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 93 (1-2) ◽

pp. 71-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. Yu ◽

L. Boon-ek ◽

B.J. Leury ◽

A.R. Egan

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Protein Balance ◽

Urinary Creatinine ◽

Protein Variation ◽

N Supply ◽

Intestinal Protein ◽

Microbial N

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Comparison of methods for the measurement of microbial protein supply in sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200595660 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 ◽

pp. 125-125

Author(s):

M.A. Samaniego ◽

X.B. Chen ◽

F.DeB. Hovell ◽

J.C. MacRae ◽

R. W. Mayes

Keyword(s):

Surgical Intervention ◽

Dual Phase ◽

Comparison Of Methods ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Flow Rates ◽

N Supply ◽

Microbial Nitrogen ◽

Protein Supply ◽

Microbial N

The excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in urine has been used as an index for the estimation of microbial nitrogen (N) supply in ruminants. This method is simple and does not require surgical intervention of the animal. However, there have been few attempts to compare the results of this method with other methods for the measurement of microbial N supply. In the present study, two experiments were performed. The main experiment (Experiment 2) compared the estimated duodenal microbial N flow based on urinary PD excretion, with the more direct measurement based on duodenal RNA flow rates obtained from cannulated sheep using n-alkanes as the digesta flow marker. However, a preliminary experiment (Experiment 1) was needed to validate the use of alkane as a digesta marker in comparison with the commonly accepted dual phase marker method of Faichney (1975).

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Determination of rumen microbial-nitrogen production in sheep: a comparison of urinary purine excretion with methods using 15N and purine bases as markers of microbial-nitrogen entering the duodenum

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19960174 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 699-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

J. F. erez ◽

J. Balcells ◽

J. A. Guada ◽

C. Castrillo

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Mean Values ◽

Purine Bases ◽

Microbial Nitrogen ◽

Microbial N

The present study compares estimates of rumen microbial-N production derived from duodenal flow measurements (15N and purine bases) with those from measurements of the urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Four Rasa Aragonesa ewes fitted with simple cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used. Four diets consisting of 550 g lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay/d as sole feed or supplemented with 220, 400 and 550 g rolled barley grain/d were given in a 4 x 4 random factorial arrangement. Duodenal digesta flows were determined by the dual-phase marker technique during continuous intraruminal infusions of Co-EDTA and Yb-acetate. Microbial contribution to the non-NH3N (NAN)flow was estimated from 15N enrichment and purines: N ratio in duodenal digesta and bacterial fractions isolated from the rumen content. Whole tract organic matter (OM) digestibility and duodenal flow of OM and NAN increased (P<0·001) with the level of barley supplementation. Digestible OM intake ranged from 19·0 to 42·7 g/kg metabolic weight (W0·75) and the duodenal flow of purine bases and the urinary excretion of allantoin increased Linearly (P < 0·001) from minimum values of 7·47 (SD 1·524)and 4·65 (SD 0·705) mmol/d respectively on the basal diet to 18·20 (SD 1·751) and 11·62 (SD 0·214) mmol/d on the 400 g barley diet; a further increase in barley supplementation decreased both variables (13/50 (SD 2/334) and 8/77 (SD 0/617) mmol/d respectively). Urinary excretion of uric acid and hypoxanthine showed a slight but significant increase (P < 0·05) over all levels of barley. Molar recoveries of duodenal purine bases as purine derivatives or allantoin in the urine were 0·78 (SD 0·156) and 0·65 (SD 0·130) respectively. The increase on barley supplementation significantly augmented microbial-N, but large differences between microbial markers employed were observed. Mean values of microbial-N estimated from the duodenal purine bases or urinary allantoin excretion were on average 18 and 29% lower than those measured by 15N.

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