Urinary excretion of allantoin and allantoin precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusion into the duodenum

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J. Gasa
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Purine Bases ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Energy Maintenance

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out to determine endogenous losses and the response of urinary purine derivatives to increased duodenal inputs of purine bases. Four ewes each fitted with a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum, and conventionally fed, were subjected to full replacement of duodenal digesta followed by the administration of a solution either free of purines (Expt 1) or enriched with increasing amounts of purines, to supply 0·48–21·27 mmol/animal per day (Expt 2). Basal daily urinary excretions of allantoin, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine were 11·5 ± 0·94, 9·9 ± 0·67, 6·9 ± 0·46 and 1·2 ±0·16 mg/kg W0·75. Allantoin was the only purine derivative which increased in response to incremental inputs of duodenal purines. The relationship between allantoin excretion and infused purines showed a urinary recovery of 0·8 for purines infused at > 220 μmol/kg W0·76. Lower rates of infusion did not alter allantoin excretion. The results show urinary allantoin to be a useful index to estimate duodenal input of purines when animals are fed close to or above their energy maintenance requirements.

Urinary recovery of allantoin in normally fed steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
F. Herrera Gomez ◽  
F. D. Deb Hovell ◽  
C. A. Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Microbial N

Studies in the use of the purine derivatives technique in ruminants have been stimulated by the possible use of this technique as an estimator of the rumen microbial-N supplied to the host animal. The recovery factor influences the estimation of the total purines absorbed and therefore the microbial-N supply. The relationship between exogenous purine input and urinary excretion and recovery has been studied using cattle maintained with the intragastric infusion technique (Orskov et al., 1979). The urinary recovery of exogenous purines has been estimated to be 0.77-0.85 (Chen et al., 1990a, Verbic et al., 1990), and this relationship has been assumed to be applicable to normal feeding situations. To our knowledge there is no data to support or reject this approach. This study examined the urinary recovery of exogenous allantoin input in steers under normal feeding conditions.

Urinary recovery of allantoin in normally fed steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
F. Herrera Gomez ◽  
F. D. Deb Hovell ◽  
C. A. Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Microbial N

Studies in the use of the purine derivatives technique in ruminants have been stimulated by the possible use of this technique as an estimator of the rumen microbial-N supplied to the host animal. The recovery factor influences the estimation of the total purines absorbed and therefore the microbial-N supply. The relationship between exogenous purine input and urinary excretion and recovery has been studied using cattle maintained with the intragastric infusion technique (Orskov et al., 1979). The urinary recovery of exogenous purines has been estimated to be 0.77-0.85 (Chen et al., 1990a, Verbic et al., 1990), and this relationship has been assumed to be applicable to normal feeding situations. To our knowledge there is no data to support or reject this approach. This study examined the urinary recovery of exogenous allantoin input in steers under normal feeding conditions.

Renal and salivary clearance of purine derivatives in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Surra ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Saline Solutions

AbstractFour adult ewes (mean weight 42·6 kg) fitted with oesophageal fistulae were given 5 mmol/day ofallantoin or saline solutions by intrajugular continuous infusion. The experiment was a randomized cross-over design, with two consecutive 3-day infusion periods. One kg/day fresh matter of either chopped or pelleted fescue hay was distributed over 12 meals and salivary flow estimated from dilution of Co-EDTA infused into the buccal cavity. Allantoin infusion resulted in a rapid increase in its plasma concentration (84 to 128 (s.e. 1·5) μmol/l) and urinary excretion (9·6 to 13·3 (s.e. 0·18) mmol/day) without significant differences between diets. Salivary allantoin also increased (4·6 to 6·4 (s.e. 0·60) ymol/1) in response to infusion, although the concentration of total purine derivatives in saliva was only proportionately 0·08 that of plasma. Renal and salivary clearance of oxypurines, allantoin (78 (s.e. 5·0) ml/min and 13 (s.e. 0·7) ml/h), uric acid (466 (s.e. 98·0) ml/min and 45 (s.e. 9·8) ml/h) and creatinine (104 (s.e. 3·0) ml/min and 14 (s.e. 1·1) ml/h) were constant, irrespective of diet and infusion treatments. Urinary recovery of infused allantoin averaged 0·78 (s.e. 0·031) but salivary secretion, equivalent to about 0·003 of urinary losses, was not the explanation for the incomplete recovery.

The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fujihara ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
D. J. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryTwo experiments were carried out to determine endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in steers and lambs, and to investigate the relationship between microbial nucleic acid input and urinary excretion of purine nitrogen.The endogenous excretion of allantoin after conversion of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid to allantoin, was calculated to be 72 and 26 mg/kg W0·75 per day in steers and lambs, respectively, when the dietary protein contained no nucleic acid nitrogen.The excretion of purine derivatives increased linearly with increasing microbial nucleic acid input in lambs. The excretion of purine derivatives in excess of endogenous contribution was closely related to the theoretically expected values. The average recovery was calculated as 0·96 for one sheep and 1·0 for the other.

Preliminary studies on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and creatinine in yaks

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. LONG ◽  
S. K. DONG ◽  
X. B. CHEN ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV ◽  
Z. Z. HU
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Field experiments were conducted at the farm of Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, China during 1996/97 to determine the effects of level of food intake on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD), creatinine and nitrogen in yaks (Bos grunniens). Two experiments were carried out with three female yaks (initial body weight 173–187 kg, age 5 years). For Expt 1 a 3×3 Latin square experimental design was used with three levels of oat hay (nitrogen 13·5 g/kg dry matter (DM)) intake treatments, i.e. 0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 of voluntary intake (1·3–3·5 kg DM/d). Each treatment lasted for 17 days and the samples were collected during the last 7 days of each period. For Expt 2 the animals were fed the same oat hay as in Expt 1 for 3 weeks at a level equivalent to the estimated energy maintenance requirement (M) (1·5–2·2 kg DM/d). The intake was then reduced to 0·6 M on day 1, 0·3 M on day 2 and zero from day 3 until day 10. The animals were re-fed in the reverse order for 3 days. Of the PD, only allantoin and uric acid were present in the urine. The proportions of allantoin and uric acid were 0·86 and 0·14 respectively for both experiments. There was no response of creatinine and nitrogen excretions to feed intake. The rates of PD excretion per kg digestible organic matter (DOM) or digestible dry matter (DDM) were 13·5 and 13·6 mmol respectively. As expected, urinary PD excretion increased significantly (P<0·001) with increasing intake of DDM and DOM. The daily fasting PD, creatinine and nitrogen excretions amounted to 0·22±0·02 (S.E.), 0·25±0·01 mmol/kg W0·75 and 314±24·2 mg/kg W0·75 respectively. The results suggest that it is possible to establish a method for estimating intestinal microbial protein flow based on PD excretion in yaks.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial-nitrogen intake in growing rabbits

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. M. Ganuza ◽  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
S. M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
M. González Ronquillo
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Se 33 ◽  
The Relationship

Three experiments were carried out to establish a response model between intake and urinary excretion of purine compounds. In Expt 1 the relationship between the intake of purine bases (PB) and the excretion of total purine derivatives (PD) was determined in seven growing rabbits with a mean initial live weight (LW) of 2·03 (SE 0·185) kg, aged 70 d, each fitted with a wooden neck collar to prevent caecotrophagy. They were fed on five experimental diets formulated with different levels of nucleic acids (0·00, 3·75, 7·50, 11·25, 15·00 g yeast-RNA/kg diet). The relationship between intake of purine (x,μmol/kg W0·75) and total urinary PD excretion (y,μmol/kg W0·75),y= 0·56 + 0·67x(r20·86; RSD 0·338), indicated that about 70% of duodenal PB were recovered as urinary PD and that the endogenous contribution was constant and independent of dietary PB supply. Endogenous excretion of PD (allantoin and uric acid) was measured in a second experiment using six rabbits fed on a purine-free diet and fitted with neck collars to avoid caecotrophagy. Basal daily urinary excretion values for allantoin and uric acid were 532 (SE 33·9) and 55 (SE 7·3) μmol/kg W0·75respectively; xanthine and hypoxanthine were not found in urine samples and therefore the sum of allantoin and uric acid should comprise the total excretion of PD (588 (SE 40·1) μmol/kg W0·75). The xanthine oxidase (EC 1·2.3·2) activity in plasma, liver, duodenum, jejunum and kidney was measured in a third experiment. The activities of xanthine oxidase in duodenal and jejunal mucosa, liver and kidney were: 0·61 (SE 0·095), 0·37 (SE 0·045), 0·035 (SE 0·001) and 0 units/g fresh tissue respectively and in plasma 2·96 (SE 0·094) units/1. The results show that urinary excretion of PD may be a useful tool to estimate duodenal PB input and microbial protein intake once the relationship between PB and N has been established in caecal micro-organisms.

Effect of hindgut fermentation on urinary excretion of purine derivatives

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
J.E.C. Surra ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Microbial Production ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Potential Losses

Urinary excretion of allantoin or total purine derivatives (PD) may constitute a valuable index of rumen microbial production in sheep (Chen et al.1990; Balcells et al. 1991) provided the urinary recovery of absorbed purines is constant. Purine losses through saliva account for less than 10 % of the non-urinary losses as suggested by the low salivary concentrations of allantoin and uric acid (Surra et al. 1993). In addition to salivary secretion, a significant amount of blood PD may be directly excreted into the gut, as suggested by the fate of the uric acid and guanine infused, respectively, into the blood of humans (Sorensen, 1960) and pigs (Simmonds et al.1973). However little is known about these potential losses in ruminants and how they might be affected by variations in intestinal fermentation consequent to the site of digestion promoted by different feeding conditions.The aim of this experiment was to elucidate wether variations in hindgut fermentation may affect the urinary excretion of purine derivatives.The experiment was performed on four adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes (35 ±0.4 kg) fitted with permanent catheters in both duodenum and caecum and receiving 700 g DM/d of alfalfa hay. Treatments attempted to induce variations in hindgut fermentation and PD concentration and consisted in a continuous infusion (2 l/d) of saline solution as control or either 3 g/d of RNA, 100 g/d of starch, or 200 g/d of cellulose dissolved in water up to 21. All infusates were given via caecum in a complete randomized cross over design, except cellulose which was infused into the duodenum due to frequent clogging of the caecal catheter.

The relationship between microbial N synthesis and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Kaidong Deng ◽  
Chenggang Jiang ◽  
Yan Tu ◽  
Naifeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microbial N

The effect of rumen protozoa on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives in goats

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. FUJIHARA ◽  
M. TODOROKI ◽  
K. NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
The Mean

Urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion was estimated to examine the effect of rumen protozoa on total PD excretion in goats fed hay and a concentrate diet. The effect of increasing protozoa number in the rumen on nitrogen (N) balance and urinary PD excretion was determined after inoculation. Protozoa increased slowly until 4 days after inoculation, and on the 5th day after inoculation rapidly, finally (10 days) reaching 4·1×105/ml of rumen contents similar to that before defaunation. Urinary N excretion showed a small (non-significant) decrease. Urinary PD excretion did not change until the 7th day, and then the level decreased on the 8th day after faunation presumably due to the effect of increased protozoa in the rumen. The mean urinary total PD excretion significantly (P<0·05) decreased in the defaunated group compared with that in the faunated group. Comparable changes were not seen in plasma PD level of faunated and defaunated groups.

Basal urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J.I. Bonafonte
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Exogenous Supply

In ruminants duodenal purines,mainly derived from microbial nucleic acids, are catabolised and excreted in the urine as xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid and allantoin. The use of purine derivatives as an index of net microbial syntesis in the rumen requires a better understanding of the contribution of endogenus losses to total urinary excretion.Similar levels of basal excretion of purine derivatives has been determined in ruminants maintained by intragastric nutrition (Giesecke et al. 1984, Fujihara et al. 1987) and preruminants fed on liquid diets (Linberg, 1989). However, lower excretion of allantoin and uric acid were recorded when exogenous supply was reduced by fasting (Rys et al. 1975).

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