A qualitative systematic review of Early Intervention in Psychosis service user perspectives regarding valued aspects of treatment with a focus on cognitive behavioural therapy

Background: Despite the increasing evidence base and focus given to Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services, qualitative literature remains sparse, particularly in relation to the ‘At Risk Mental State’ (ARMS) group. Although research has looked to service user experience within EIP, data have not been collated to understand valued aspects of treatment across both EIP groups: first episode psychosis (FEP) and ARMS, particularly regarding cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Aims: To conduct a systematic review of qualitative literature to examine service user perspectives on support provided in EIP treatment with a focus on CBT. Method: This was a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Nine studies were included in the analysis identified through a systematic database search and citation tracking. Studies were critically appraised using the critical appraisal skills programme tool. Results: Nine studies were identified for inclusion. Six analytical themes and 20 descriptive categories were identified. Conclusions: User perspectives confirm previous findings highlighting importance of therapeutic relationships for treatment success. Normalisation, learning and understanding were valued across both groups, which increased coping, and can be facilitated throughout the EIP journey. Harnessing the support of those involved in users’ care and understanding these relationships further enhances interventions utilised. Understanding the stage the individual is at regarding their experiences is essential in relation to targeting support. Transdiagnostic aspects of CBT were valued across both groups. ARMS referred to more specific strategies and there were some differences regarding coping styles and flexibility preferences; however, this may be due to group differences in problem trajectory and care provision.