scholarly journals Management of local genetic resources by in situ and ex situ methods for research and breeding purpose: the case study of the local animal breeds of Guadeloupe and Martinique

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-396
Author(s):  
Michel J. Naves ◽  
Rémy Arquet ◽  
Alain Farant ◽  
Félix X. Quenais ◽  
Jean Luc Gourdine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ

In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Coconut Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Roland Bourdeix ◽  
Steve Adkins ◽  
Vincent Johnson ◽  
Lalith Perera ◽  
Sisunandar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Jelena Aleksic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Vitro Production

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.

scholarly journals Duck Genetic Resources, Their Improvement And Conservation In Bangladesh: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
MA Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Research Institute

The present article addresses the scenario of duck genetic resources, their production and reproduction performances, their improvement and conservation in Bangladesh. The duck, among other poultry species available in the country, are used for meat and egg production. The duck germplasm available in the country are indigenous/native, improved native, exotic and their crosses. The native duck population is comprised of Indigenous Non-descript, Deshi White, Deshi Black, Nageshwari, Sylhet Mete etc. The improved native such as, BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 are developed by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. The exotic duck such as, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, Jending, Muscovy, White Pekin, Cherry Valley, Thailand Black etc. are also used at farms level. The crossbred of different ducks are used in the country at different farming systems. Improvement and conservation of native duck are ongoing both in-situ and ex-situ in vivo by DLS, BLRI, BAU and also by others. The present study provided baseline information on duck germplasm of Bangladesh which could be useful for future genetic characterization, improvement and conservation. SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 31-42 (2019)

scholarly journals Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

scholarly journals Combining microsatellites, growth, and adaptive traits for managing in situ genetic resources of Eucalyptus urophylla

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tripiana ◽  
Michaël Bourgeois ◽  
Daniel Verhaegen ◽  
Philippe Vigneron ◽  
Jean-Marc Bouvet
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Genetic diversity and structure of 17 populations representative of the natural range of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake in Indonesia were analysed with 10 microsatellite markers. Two provenance and progeny trials, using the same populations, were established in the Republic of the Congo and analysed for growth and survival at 37 months. Observed microsatellite heterozygosity (Ho) was moderate to high within populations (Ho = 0.51–0.72). The index of fixation (FIS) was significantly different from zero for all populations (FIS = 0.13–0.31) and possibly resulted from a Wahlund effect. The differentiation parameter was low (FST = 0.04) and not significantly different from zero, which can be explained by effective gene flow via pollen. The genetic variances within and among provenances for survival and growth traits were significantly different from zero, representing 13%–23% and 14%–50% of the total variation, respectively. The differentiation between populations based on quantitative traits was marked (QST = 0.07–0.33). A negative relationship between altitude of the seed source and its performance in the Congo was observed (R2 = 0.59–0.67) and could be explained by the effect of natural selection along the altitudinal gradient. This marked differentiation for quantitative traits despite high apparent gene flow results in a clinal variation, which suggests the use of altitude of seed source as an important principle for in situ or ex situ management of E. urophylla genetic resources.

scholarly journals The Majella National Park: a case study for the conservation of plant biodiversity in the Italian Apennines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Valter Di Cecco ◽  
Marco Di Santo ◽  
Michele Di Musciano ◽  
Aurelio Manzi ◽  
Mirella Di Cecco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Italian Apennines

The Majella National Park (MNP) is a tangible example of the interaction between ex-situ and in-situ conservation of endemic, rare, or endangered species at a Regional level in the context of the Italian national parks. The MNP has the facilities and carries out activities for the conservation of plant biodiversity: it includes botanical gardens, a seed bank, a nursery, and a network of “guardian farmers”, an authentic “granary” in which to protect and conserve biodiversity in and around the Majella massif (central Italy).

scholarly journals What's on the menu? Options for strengthening the policy and regulatory framework for the exchange, use and conservation of animal genetic resources

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Hiemstra ◽  
A.G. Drucker ◽  
M.W. Tvedt ◽  
N. Louwaars ◽  
J.K. Oldenbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Special Circumstances

SummaryThis paper addresses major issues and challenges for Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) and the livestock sector, as well as options for further development of policies or regulatory approaches. Three main areas were identified, i) how we can halt the further erosion of genetic diversity and promote sustainable breeding and use, ii) whether there is a need to regulate the exchange of genetic material and iii) how to balance different systems of rights (e.g. sovereign rights of nations, intellectual property rights, communal rights or rights of livestock keepers).To halt further erosion, complementary ex-situ and in-situ conservation approaches are needed and breeding and marketing of local breeds should be strengthened. Secondly, recognizing the importance of the exchange of AnGR, broad access and responsible and equitable exchange mechanisms should be further promoted. Thirdly, regarding intellectual property rights, there is a need to adapt the application of the patent system to the special circumstances inherent in animal breeding. Moreover, possible sui generis systems should be further explored in order to better balance different rights systems.Rather than developing a new or adapted internationally legally binding framework, the intergovernmental process under FAO may instead wish to focus, in the first instance, on the development of voluntary instruments to strengthen national policies and the implementation of action at national levels.Debates and developments related to international agreements in the crop sector have also tended to frame the debate for AnGR. However, before launching into a discussion on whether or not an ‘FAO Animal Treaty’ would be needed, one should first of all clarify the problems to be dealt with and regulated via an international regime.

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