scholarly journals Longitudinal Research at the Interface of Affective Neuroscience, Developmental Psychopathology, Health and Behavioral Genetics: Findings from the Wisconsin Twin Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Schmidt ◽  
Rebecca J. Brooker ◽  
Ian C. Carroll ◽  
Jeffrey R. Gagne ◽  
Zhan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Phenotypic Structure ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

AbstractThe Wisconsin Twin Project comprises multiple longitudinal studies that span infancy to early adulthood. We summarize recent papers that show how twin designs with deep phenotyping, including biological measures, can inform questions about phenotypic structure, etiology, comorbidity, heterogeneity, and gene–environment interplay of temperamental constructs and mental and physical health conditions of children and adolescents. The general framework for investigations begins with rich characterization of early temperament and follows with study of experiences and exposures across childhood and adolescence. Many studies incorporate neuroimaging and hormone assays.

scholarly journals Wisconsin Twin Project Overview: Temperament and Affective Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-799
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Schmidt ◽  
Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant ◽  
H. Hill Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
Early Recruitment

AbstractThe Wisconsin Twin Project encompasses nearly 30 years of longitudinal research that spans infancy to early adulthood. The twin sample was recruited from statewide birth records for birth cohorts 1989–2004. We summarize early recruitment, assessment, retention and recently completed twin neuroimaging studies. In addition to the focal twins, longitudinal data were also collected from two parents and nontwin siblings. Our adolescent and young adult neuroimaging sample (N = 600) completed several previous behavioral and environmental assessments, beginning shortly after birth. The extensive phenotyping is meant to support a range of empirical investigations with potentially differing theoretical perspectives.

Epidemiology of psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence

2012 ◽  
pp. 1594-1600
Author(s):  
E. Jane Costello ◽  
Adrian Angold
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Genetic Epidemiology ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Gene Environment

This chapter has covered a lot of ground; from the first stirrings of understanding about childhood psychiatric disorders to the possibility of using molecular genetics to identify gene–environment interactions that can generate psychiatric disorder. There are fuzzy boundaries between epidemiology and developmental psychopathology, life course epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, services research, and clinical psychiatry. It will be important to keep these boundaries pervious, to share a common language where possible, and to learn and use one another's methods.

Loneliness in Malta: Findings from the first National Prevalence Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110201
Author(s):  
Marilyn Clark ◽  
Jamie Bonnici ◽  
Andrew Azzopardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Mortgage Payment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
National Prevalence

Loneliness has been examined by an increasing number of scholars, being implicated in numerous detrimental outcomes for mental and physical health. However, most loneliness prevalence studies have focused on particular age groups, thus overlooking how loneliness differs across the lifespan. This study assessed loneliness prevalence in a nationally representative sample ( n = 1,009) of the Maltese population aged 11 years and above using the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, while also identifying associations between loneliness and sociodemographic factors. Results demonstrate that 43.5% of the Maltese population experiences some form of loneliness. The association between loneliness and age demonstrates a nonlinear relationship, with elevated loneliness rates among adolescents, which decrease slightly in early adulthood, before slowly increasing from age 35 onward. Loneliness is also significantly associated with education level, employment status, household composition, mortgage payment status, perception of income, presence of a disability, active citizenship, as well as self-rated physical health, coping ability, and subjective wellbeing. These findings indicate that loneliness is experienced in significant rates across the lifespan, and intervention efforts should be targeted toward individuals of all ages.

scholarly journals Emerging behavioral and neuroimaging biomarkers for early and accurate characterization of autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrakanta S. Hiremath ◽  
Kommu John Vijay Sagar ◽  
B. K. Yamini ◽  
Akhila S. Girimaji ◽  
Raghavendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractThe possibility of early treatment and a better outcome is the direct product of early identification and characterization of any pathological condition. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social communication, restricted, and repetitive patterns of behavior. In recent times, various tools and methods have been developed for the early identification and characterization of ASD features as early as 6 months of age. Thorough and exhaustive research has been done to identify biomarkers in ASD using noninvasive neuroimaging and various molecular methods. By employing advanced assessment tools such as MRI and behavioral assessment methods for accurate characterization of the ASD features and may facilitate pre-emptive interventional and targeted therapy programs. However, the application of advanced quantitative MRI methods is still confined to investigational/laboratory settings, and the clinical implication of these imaging methods in personalized medicine is still in infancy. Longitudinal research studies in neurodevelopmental disorders are the need of the hour for accurate characterization of brain–behavioral changes that could be monitored over a period of time. These findings would be more reliable and consistent with translating into the clinics. This review article aims to focus on the recent advancement of early biomarkers for the characterization of ASD features at a younger age using behavioral and quantitative MRI methods.

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable intake: change with age across childhood and adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Albani ◽  
Laurie T. Butler ◽  
W. Bruce Traill ◽  
Orla B. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Eating Fruit ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Uk

AbstractEating fruit and vegetables (FV) offers important health benefits for children and adolescents, but their average intake is low. To explore if negative trends with age exist as children grow, this study modelled differences in FV consumption from childhood to young adulthood. A pseudo-panel was constructed using years 1–4 (combined) of the Rolling Programme of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (2008/2009–2011/2012). Intake of FV in the NDNS was recorded using 4-d unweighted food diaries. The data consisted of 2131 observations of individuals aged 2–23 years. Age-year-cohort decomposition regression analyses were used to separate age effects from year and cohort effects in the data. Total energy intake was included to account for age differences in overall energy consumption. Fruit intake started to decrease from the age of 7 years for boys and girls, and reached its lowest level during adolescence. By 17 years, boys were consuming 0·93 (P=0·037) less fruit portions compared with the age of 2 years. By 15 years, girls were consuming 0·8 fruit portions less (P=0·053). Vegetable intake changed little during childhood and adolescence (P=0·0834 andP=0·843 for change between 7 and 12 years, boys and girls, respectively). There was unclear evidence of recovery of FV intakes in early adulthood. Efforts to improve FV intake should consider these trends, and focus attention on the factors influencing intake across childhood and adolescence in order to improve the nutritional quality of diets during these periods.

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