Functional Group Analysis: Characterization of Coal Hydrogenation Products

1954 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Glenn ◽  
E. D. Olleman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Functional Group Analysis

scholarly journals Characterization of the organic composition of aerosols from Rondônia, Brazil, during the LBA-SMOCC 2002 experiment and its representation through model compounds

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Decesari ◽  
S. Fuzzi ◽  
M. C. Facchini ◽  
M. Mircea ◽  
L. Emblico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Individual Compound ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Functional Group Analysis

Abstract. The chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols collected during the LBA-SMOCC field experiment, conducted in Rondônia, Brazil, in 2002 during the transition from the dry to the wet season, was investigated by a suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques. The period of most intense biomass burning was characterized by high concentrations of submicron particles rich in carbonaceous material and water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC). At the onset of the rainy period, submicron total carbon (TC) concentrations decreased by about 20 times. In contrast, the concentration of supermicron TC was fairly constant throughout the experiment, pointing to a constant emission of coarse particles from the natural background. About 6–8% of TC (9–11% of WSOC) was speciated at the molecular level by GC-MS and liquid chromatography. Polyhydroxylated compounds, aliphatic and aromatic acids were the main classes of compounds accounted for by individual compound analysis. Functional group analysis by proton NMR and chromatographic separation on ion-exchange columns allowed characterization of ca. 50–90% of WSOC into broad chemical classes (neutral species/light acids/humic-like substances). In spite of the significant change in the chemical composition of tracer compounds from the dry to the wet period, the functional groups and the general chemical classes of WSOC changed only to a small extent. Model compounds representing size-resolved WSOC chemical composition for the different periods of the campaign are then proposed in this paper, based on the chemical characterization by both individual compound analysis and functional group analysis deployed during the LBA-SMOCC experiment. Model compounds reproduce quantitatively the average chemical structure of WSOC and can be used as best-guess surrogates in microphysical models involving organic aerosol particles over tropical areas affected by biomass burning.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles with Extract of Green Seaweed Caulerpa sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Rodiah Nurbaya Sari ◽  
Nanda Saridewi ◽  
Shofwatunnisa Shofwatunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Functional Group Analysis

Biosynthesis and characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles by the reduction method have been performed. This study aims to determine the ability of Caulerpa sp. as a reducing agent and stabilizer. Extract Caulerpa sp. was reacted with Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O solution in variation concentration of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 M and the pH of the solution was conditioned with NaOH 0.1 M added became 7, 8, 9. Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles was performed for functional group analysis (FTIR), surface morphology and particle distribution (SEM), knowing the phase type (XRD), and particle size and particle size (PSA). The result of phase analysis by XRD shows that the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using green seaweed extract Caulerpa sp. has been successfully performed with the formation of the optimum ZnO nanoparticles 0.15 M at pH 8. The ZnO nanoparticles had a relatively similar particle size distribution with an average particle size of 370.72 nm. Based on FTIR results it was known that the compound suspected to act as a bioreductor and stabilizer agent in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was a protein

scholarly journals Characterization of the organic composition of aerosols from Rondônia, Brazil, during the LBA-SMOCC 2002 experiment and its representation through model compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 5687-5749 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Decesari ◽  
S. Fuzzi ◽  
M. C. Facchini ◽  
M. Mircea ◽  
L. Emblico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Individual Compound ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Functional Group Analysis

Abstract. The chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols collected during the LBA-SMOCC field experiment, conducted in Rondônia, Brazil, in 2002 during the transition from the dry to the wet season, was investigated by a suite of advanced analytical techniques. The period of most intense biomass burning was characterized by high concentrations of submicron particles rich in carbonaceous material and water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC). At the onset of the rainy period, submicron total carbon (TC) concentrations had decreased by about 20 times. In contrast, the concentration of supermicron TC was fairly constant throughout the experiment, pointing to a constant emission of coarse particles from the natural background. About 6–8% of TC (9–11% of WSOC) was speciated at the molecular level by GC-MS and liquid chromatography. Poly-hydroxylated compounds, aliphatic and aromatic acids were the main classes of compounds accounted for by individual compound analysis. Functional group analysis by proton NMR and chromatographic separation on ion-exchange columns allowed characterization of ca. 50–90% of WSOC into broad chemical classes (neutral species/light acids/humic-like substances). In spite of the significant change in the chemical composition of tracer compounds from the dry to the wet period, the functional groups and the general chemical classes of WSOC changed only to a lesser extent. Model compounds representing size-resolved WSOC chemical composition for the different periods of the campaign are then proposed in this paper, based on the chemical characterization by both individual compound analysis and functional group analysis deployed during the LBA-SMOCC experiment. Model compounds reproduce quantitatively the average chemical structure of WSOC and can be used as best-guess surrogates in microphysical models involving organic aerosol particles over tropical areas affected by biomass burning.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Particle Size On The Characterization Of Activated Carbon From Tropical Black Bamboo (Gigantochloa Atroviolacea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Envrinda Arief Fauzia ◽  
Herry Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Common Term ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Functional Group Analysis

Activated carbon also known as activated charcoal is a common term for carbon materials, which comprises charcoal. Activated carbon has a good adsorption capacity against gases and pollutants in liquids because of its wide surface. The material used in this research was tropical black bamboo, with the variation of particle size -10+20 mesh, -20+40 mesh, -40+60 mesh and -60+80 mesh.  There are 2 processes to produce activated carbon, i.e. carbonation and activation. In this research, the carbonation is set at 380°C in 1 hour. Then, each size of carbon was activated by H3PO4 9.8% along 24 hours. The analysis conducted were moisture content, ash content, iodine number, and functional group analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The smaller particle size, the more pores will be produced and it caused the surface area higher. The results showed that variation of particle size had effect on the characterization and quality of activated carbon, where moisture content is between 10.60 to 4.05%, ash content is 1% to 0.2% and iodine adsorption is between 710 mg/g to 900 mg/g. In FTIR analysis, it showed that all of the samples had O-H, C=C, and C-O functional group.

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