Comprehensive Review of the Impact of 2,5-Dimethylfuran and 2-Methylfuran on Soot Emissions: Experiments in Diesel Engines and at Laboratory-Scale

Up to now, diesel engines with direct fuel injection are the propulsion systems with the highest efficiency for mobile applications. Future targets in reducingCO2-emissions with regard to global warming effects can be met with the help of these engines. A major disadvantage of diesel engines is the high soot and nitrogen oxide emissions which cannot be reduced completely with only engine measures today. The present paper describes two different possibilities for the simultaneous in-cylinder reduction of soot and nitrogen oxide emissions. One possibility is the optimization of the injection process with a new injection strategy the other one is the use of water diesel emulsions with the conventional injection system. The new injection strategy for this experimental part of the study overcomes the problem of increased soot emissions with pilot injection by separating the injections spatially and therefore on the one hand reduces the soot formation during the early stages of the combustion and on the other hand increases the soot oxidation later during the combustion. Another method to reduce the emissions is the introduction of water into the combustion chamber. Emulsions of water and fuel offer the potential to simultaneously reduceNOxand soot emissions while maintaining a high-thermal efficiency. This article presents a theoretical investigation of the use of fuel-water emulsions in DI-Diesel engines. The numerical simulations are carried out with the 3D-CFD code KIVA3V. The use of different water diesel emulsions is investigated and assessed with the numerical model.

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Laboratory scale research on the impact of stress shadow and natural fractures on fracture geometry during horizontal multi-staged fracturing in shale

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.03.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 282-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jian Zhou ◽

Yijin Zeng ◽

Tingxue Jiang ◽

Baoping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Scale ◽

Natural Fractures ◽

Fracture Geometry ◽

Stress Shadow ◽

The Impact

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Study on the Effects of the In-Cylinder EGR Stratification on NOx and Soot Emissions in Diesel Engines

10.4271/2011-24-0021 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wonah Park ◽

Sangyul Lee ◽

Seungmok Choi ◽

Kyoungdoug Min ◽

Hoimyung Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Soot Emissions

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A Comprehensive Review of Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel Blend with Nanoparticles in Diesel Engines

10.1007/978-981-16-3428-4_7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 73-88

Author(s):

Suraj Bhan ◽

Raghvendra Gautam ◽

Pusphendra Singh ◽

Abhishek Sharma

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Biodiesel Blend

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A Global Perspective on Firefly Extinction Threats

BioScience ◽

10.1093/biosci/biz157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 157-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sara M Lewis ◽

Choong Hay Wong ◽

Avalon C S Owens ◽

Candace Fallon ◽

Sarina Jepsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conservation Status ◽

Economic Value ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cultural Significance ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Survey Results ◽

The Impact ◽

Recent Attention

Abstract Insect declines and their drivers have attracted considerable recent attention. Fireflies and glowworms are iconic insects whose conspicuous bioluminescent courtship displays carry unique cultural significance, giving them economic value as ecotourist attractions. Despite evidence of declines, a comprehensive review of the conservation status and threats facing the approximately 2000 firefly species worldwide is lacking. We conducted a survey of experts from diverse geographic regions to identify the most prominent perceived threats to firefly population and species persistence. Habitat loss, light pollution, and pesticide use were regarded as the most serious threats, although rankings differed substantially across regions. Our survey results accompany a comprehensive review of current evidence concerning the impact of these stressors on firefly populations. We also discuss risk factors likely to increase the vulnerability of certain species to particular threats. Finally, we highlight the need to establish monitoring programs to track long-term population trends for at-risk firefly taxa.

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The Fracture and Aerosol Release of Impacted HLW Glasses and HLW Canisters

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-127-181 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hans G. Scheibel ◽

V. Friehmelt ◽

H. Froehlich

Keyword(s):

Impact Velocity ◽

Thermal Stresses ◽

Full Scale ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Drop Tests ◽

Ground Plate ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTThe fracture and release mechanism of radioactive aerosols of HLW glass and HLW canisters are studied experimentally by laboratory scale and full scale drop tests. The experimental conditions model the conditions of accidental drops in a deep salt repository. The laboratory scale drop tests have a scaling factor of 1:10. Accelerated probes of simulated HLW glass impact on a ground plate and the size distributions of broken fines and released aerosols are measured by sieving and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of aerosol samples.The impact velocity is determined as the dominating impact parameter. Further parameters tested, such as waste glass composition, cooling time (residual thermal stresses), probe temperature at impact, and ground characteristics, show no measurable influence. Source terms of released respirable aerosols are evaluated for two reference cases, borehole drop (impact velocity v = 80 m/s) and reloading hall drop (v = 14 m/s), the values being 0.1 % and to 2.10-4 % respectively of the glass probe mass. The full scale drop tests are performed with European Standard HLW canisters. The canisters keep their integrity in all tests up to drop heights of 14 m. On opening the canisters, the broken fines are analyzed by sieving. The results are in good agreement with the small scale tests and confirm their acceptability for use in a safety analysis.

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