Recycling of Nutrients from Dairy Wastewater by Extremophilic Microalgae with High Ammonia Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (23) ◽  
pp. 15366-15375
Author(s):  
Na Pang ◽  
Andre David Bergeron ◽  
Xiangyu Gu ◽  
Xiao Fu ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Tolerance

scholarly journals Production and Excretion of Polyamines To Tolerate High Ammonia, a Case Study on Soil Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeon “Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus agrestis”

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangting Liu ◽  
Mengfan Liu ◽  
Yiming Jiang ◽  
Weitie Lin ◽  
Jianfei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ammonia Tolerance

ABSTRACT Ammonia tolerance is a universal characteristic among the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB); in contrast, the known species of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) have been regarded as ammonia sensitive, until the identification of the genus “Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus.” However, the mechanism of its ammonia tolerance has not been reported. In this study, the AOA species “Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus agrestis,” obtained from agricultural soil, was determined to be able to tolerate high concentrations of NH3 (>1,500 μM). In the genome of this strain, which was recovered from metagenomic data, a full set of genes for the pathways of polysaccharide metabolism, urea hydrolysis, arginine synthesis, and polyamine synthesis was identified. Among them, the genes encoding cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CA) and a potential polyamine transporter (drug/metabolite exporter [DME]) were found to be unique to the genus “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus.” When “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus agrestis” was grown with high levels of ammonia, the genes that participate in CO2/HCO3− conversion, glutamate/glutamine syntheses, arginine synthesis, polyamine synthesis, and polyamine excretion were significantly upregulated, and the polyamines, including putrescine and spermidine, had significant levels of production. Based on genome analysis, gene expression quantification, and polyamine determination, we propose that the production and excretion of polyamines is probably one of the reasons for the ammonia tolerance of “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus agrestis,” and even of the genus “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus.” IMPORTANCE Ammonia tolerance of AOA is usually much lower than that of the AOB, which makes the AOB rather than AOA a predominant ammonia oxidizer in agricultural soils, contributing to global N2O emission. Recently, some AOA species from the genus “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus” were also found to have high ammonia tolerance. However, the reported mechanism for the ammonia tolerance is very rare and indeterminate for AOB and for AOA species. In this study, an ammonia-tolerant AOA strain of the species “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus agrestis” was identified and its potential mechanisms for ammonia tolerance were explored. This study will be of benefit for determining more of the ecological role of AOA in agricultural soils or other environments.

scholarly journals Physiological and genomic analysis of “Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus agrestis”, an ammonia tolerant ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from vegetable soil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangting Liu ◽  
Mengfan Liu ◽  
Yiming Jiang ◽  
Weitie Lin ◽  
Jianfei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Vegetable Soil ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Tolerance

ABSTRACTThe presences of ammonia tolerant ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in environments are always underestimated and their adaption to complex habitats has also rarely been reported. Here we present the physiological and genomic characteristics of an ammonia tolerant soil AOA strain Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus agrestis. This strain was able to form aggregates and adhere on the surface of hydrophobic matrix. Ammonia-oxidizing activities were still observed at 200 mM NH4+ (> 1500 μM of free ammonia) and 50 mM NO2-. Urea could be used as sole energy source but exogenous organics had no significant effect on the ammonia oxidation. Besides the genes involving in ammonia oxidation, carbon fixation and urea hydrolysis, the genome also encodes a full set of genes (GTs, GHs, CEs, MOP, LPSE, etc) that responsible for polysaccharide metabolism and secretion, suggesting the potential production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, a pathway connecting urea cycle, polyamines synthesis and excretion was identified in the genome, which indicates the NH4+ in cytoplasm could potentially be converted into polyamines and excreted out of cell, and then contributes to the high ammonia tolerance. Genes encoding the cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase and putative polyamine exporter are unique in Ca. Nitrosocosmicus agrestis or the genus Ca. Nitrosocosmicus, suggesting the prevalence of ammonia tolerance in this clade. The proposed mechanism of ammonia tolerance via polyamines synthesis and export was verified by using transcriptional gene regulation and polyamines determination.IMPORTANCEAOA are ubiquitous in different environments and play a major role in nitrification. Though AOA have higher affinities for ammonia, their maximum specific cell activity and ammonia tolerance are usually much lower than AOB, resulting in low contribution to the global ammonia oxidation and N2O production. However, in some agricultural soils, the AOA activity would not be suppressed by the fertilization with high concentration of ammonium nitrogen, suggesting the presence of some ammonia tolerant species. This study provides some physiological and genomic characteristics for an ammonia tolerant soil AOA strain Ca. Nitrosocosmicus agrestis and proposes some mechanisms of this AOA adapting to a variety of environments and tolerating to high ammonia. Ammonia tolerance of AOA was always underestimated in many previous studies, physiological and genomic analyses of this AOA clade are benefit to uncover the role of AOA playing in global environmental patterns.

High ammonia tolerance in fishes of the family Batrachoididae (Toadfish and Midshipmen)

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Wang ◽  
Patrick J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Tolerance

scholarly journals The relationship between NMDA receptor function and the high ammonia tolerance of anoxia-tolerant goldfish

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 (24) ◽  
pp. 4107-4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Wilkie ◽  
M. E. Pamenter ◽  
S. Duquette ◽  
H. Dhiyebi ◽  
N. Sangha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Nmda Receptor Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ammonia Tolerance

scholarly journals High ammonia tolerance on growth rate of marine microalga Chlorella vulgaris

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5(SI)) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goto ◽  
◽  
N. Nagao ◽  
F. Md. Yusoff ◽  
M.S. Kamarudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Marine Microalga ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Tolerance

scholarly journals Reproductive colonization of land by frogs: embryos and larvae excrete urea to avoid ammonia toxicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Mendez Narvaez ◽  
Karen Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Colonization Of Land ◽  
Phenotypic Responses ◽  
Ammonia Tolerance

Vertebrate colonization of land occurred multiple times, including over 50 origins of terrestrial eggs in frogs. Some environmental factors and phenotypic responses that facilitated these transitions are known, but responses to water constraints and risk of ammonia toxicity during early development are poorly understood. We tested if ammonia accumulation and dehydration risk induce a shift from ammonia to urea excretion during in early stages of four anurans, from three origins of terrestrial development. We quantified ammonia and urea concentrations during early development on land, under well-hydrated and dry conditions. Where we found urea excretion, we tested for a plastic increase under dry conditions and with ammonia accumulation in developmental environments. We assessed the potential adaptive role of urea excretion by comparing ammonia tolerance measured in 96h-LC50 tests with ammonia levels in developmental environments. Ammonia accumulated in foam nests and perivitelline fluid, increasing over development and reaching higher concentrations under dry conditions. All four species showed high ammonia tolerance, compared to fishes and aquatic-breeding frogs. Both nest-dwelling larvae of Leptodactylus fragilis and late embryos of Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni excreted urea, showing a plastic increase under dry conditions. These two species can develop the longest on land and urea excretion appears adaptive, preventing their exposure to potentially lethal levels of ammonia. Neither late embryos of Agalychnis callidryas nor nest-dwelling larvae of Engystomops pustulosus risked toxic ammonia levels under dry conditions, and neither excreted urea. Our results suggests that an early onset of urea excretion, its increase under dry conditions, and elevated ammonia tolerance, can all help prevent ammonia toxicity during terrestrial development. High ammonia represents a general risk for development that can be exacerbated as climate change increases dehydration risk for terrestrial-breeding frogs. It may also be a cue that elicits adaptive physiological responses during early development.

The Effect of Arginine and Glutamate on Ammonia Tolerance

1962 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Barak ◽  
F.L. Humoller ◽  
D.J. Mahler ◽  
J.M. Holthaus
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Tolerance
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