Potential of Moringa Oleifera Seed as a Natural Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment

The present study deals with the appropriateness of the coagulation process using natural coagulant Moringa oleifera seed. Natural coagulants are useful for the treatment of wastewater because of its sustainability, cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity and lesser quantity of sludge formation. M. oleifera seed having a chemical composition of polypeptides having 6 amino acids like arginine acid, methionine acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine. M. oleifera is also known as a cationic polyelectrolyte and having molecular weight 6,000 to16,000 Dalton. The main objective of research work is the application of the M. oleifera seed as a natural adsorbent to treat synthetic dairy wastewater. The effects of pH, agitation time, the dose of sorbent and efficacy of M. oleifera seeds kernel for turbidity removal was assessed. M. oleifera seed eliminates turbidity 95 % and colour 94 % using 0.22 gm pod powder, and 0.2 L of 1.0 g/L synthetic dairy wastewater. Naturally dried M. oleifera seeds remove turbidity 95 %, sundried seeds remove turbidity 52 % and oven-dried seeds 45 %. As naturally dried M. oleifera pod having more surface area for adsorption and inter-particulate bridging which extract the extra active ingredients. pH range between 5 and 8 is more suitable to degrade the turbidity and colour. It is concluded that in the presence of an aqueous soluble cationic coagulant protein has great potential to remove the turbidity and colour of wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS oleifera seed having a chemical composition of polypeptides having 6 amino acids like arginine acid, methionine acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine oleifera seeds consist of crude fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. It also contains amino functional groups (R-NH3), carboxyl group (C=O), and fiber carbonaceous. The functional group present in M. oleifera seeds is dissociated during the adsorption process at various pH oleifera has good property of coagulation-flocculation (C-F) The effectiveness of naturally dried seed kernel is more effective than other seed kernels GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

THE MEMBRANE DISTILLATION ABILITY TO REMOVE CALCIUM ION FROM DAIRY WASTEWATER

In this research the membranes distillation were used to remove calcium ions from heavy sewers at dairy plants in Iraq. This method is easy to operate, easy to manage and has many economic benefits. A chemical treatment was carried out on it using alum as a coagulant, different tests achieved samples before and after passing MD, according to APHA, AWWA, WEF. The results showed that obtained in water treatment trust that has been manufactured and edited according to the characteristics of the water waste the interests of the dairy capacity of this method to remove the calcium ion to a certain extent it is when the concentration reaches the inside of this ion to 1428.57 mg per liter, where to start the composition of hydroxides of calcium responsible for pain. The optimal working temperature ranges from 20-22 ° C and the flow is around 0.66 kg.m-2.h-1, here was the result of a layer of plaster that led to clogged membrane and folding and was stopped for washing and cleaning.

Case study on the dairy processing industries and their wastewater generation in Latvia

The objective of the research presented in this Research Communication was to access the environmental impact of the Latvian dairy industries. Site visits and interviews at Latvian dairy processing companies were done in order to collect site-specific data. This includes the turnover of the dairy industries, production, quality of water in various industrial processes, the flow and capacity of the sewage including their characteristic, existing practices and measures for wastewater management. The results showed that dairy industries in Latvia generated in total approximately 2263 × 103 m3 wastewater in the year 2019. The Latvian dairy effluents were characterized with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total solids (TS). Few dairy plants had pre-treatment facilities for removal of contaminants, and many lacked onsite treatment technologies. Most facilities discharged dairy wastewater to municipal wastewater treatment plants. The current study gives insight into the Latvian dairy industries, their effluent management and pollution at Gulf of Riga due to wastewater discharge.