scholarly journals Probing the Differential Tissue Distribution and Bioaccumulation Behavior of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances of Varying Chain-Lengths, Isomeric Structures and Functional Groups in Crucian Carp

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 4592-4600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Shi ◽  
Robin Vestergren ◽  
Therese Haugdahl Nost ◽  
Zhen Zhou ◽  
Yaqi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Isomeric Structures ◽  
Differential Tissue

scholarly journals Dependency of the photocatalytic and photochemical decomposition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on their chain lengths, functional groups, and structural properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Chowdhury ◽  
Srinivas Prabakar ◽  
Hyeok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract This study reports the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water using various photocatalytic and photochemical processes. PFAS were chosen, based on chain lengths, functional groups, and structural properties: 4 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 3 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer (GenX), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), and investigated dependency of the photocatalytic decomposition of PFAS on their properties. Oxidants and reductants were introduced to study the photochemical decomposition of PFAS, and reactive species and reaction byproducts were identified to elucidate the decomposition mechanism of PFAS. Some notable findings include long chain PFCAs (95% in 48 h) and 6:2 FTS (100%) were removed via chemical decomposition in TiO2/UVC while GenX (37%), long chain PFSAs (60%), short chain PFSAs (0–10%) and short chain PFCAs (5–18%) were removed via physical adsorption. Sulfate radicals generated with persulfate (PS) played an important role in decomposing PFCAs (60–90%). Sulfite activated by UVC worked for defluorination of PFOA (75%) and PFOS (80%). PFOA was removed faster by UVC/sulfite > UVC/TiO2/sulfite ≈ UVC/TiO2/PS ≥ UVC/PS > UVC/TiO2 while PFOS was removed faster by UVC/sulfite ≫ UVC/TiO2/sulfite ≈ UVC/TiO2/PS ≈ UVC/TiO2 ≫ UVC/PS. Susceptibility of PFAS to the chemical reactions could be explained with their properties and the reactive species produced in each system.

Tissue Deposition of Zinc from a Zinc Chelate and from Inorganic Zinc in Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 171-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Power ◽  
Kevin Cashman ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Differential Tissue

Some reports have suggested differential tissue deposition of dietary trace minerals such as Zinc (Zn) when supplied to farm animals either chelated to amino acids or as inorganic salts. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to determine the ultimate tissue distribution of Zinc in rats fed either a radioactively-labeled 65Zn-chelate or 65ZnSO4. The 65Zn-chelate was prepared by heating a solution of 65ZnSO4 and an equimolar mixture of glycine and methionine for 5 minutes at 90°C. The resulting chelate was then separated from unincorporated 65ZnSO4 by gel filtration chromatography. Ten 25-d old male wistar rats (mean weight 34.5 g) were randomized by weight into two groups (n = 5/group), fasted for 18 hours and given 0.4 ml (8 μg Zn, 1 μCi65Zn) of one or other labelled solution by gavage. Four hours later, animals were returned to their normal diet for the duration of the experiment. The 65Zn activity of the animals was determined two hours after administration and daily thereafter for 7 days.

Differential tissue distribution of discrete typing units after drug combination therapy in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi mixed infection

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Mariana Strauss ◽  
M. Silvina Lo Presti ◽  
Juan C. Ramírez ◽  
P. Carolina Bazán ◽  
Daniela A. Velázquez López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Drug Combination ◽  
Drug Combination Therapy ◽  
Differential Tissue

Differential Tissue Distribution of HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ Antigens

1987 ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Forsum ◽  
K. Claesson ◽  
R. Jonsson ◽  
A. Karlsson-Parra ◽  
L. Klareskog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Differential Tissue

Liposomes containing 3H-actinomycin D. Differential tissue distribution by varying the mode of drug incorporation

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueh-Erh Rahman ◽  
Walter E. Kisieleski ◽  
Evelyn M. Buess ◽  
Elizabeth A. Cerny
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Drug Incorporation ◽  
Differential Tissue

Electrochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1569-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Trautmann ◽  
H. Schell ◽  
K. R. Schmidt ◽  
K.-M. Mangold ◽  
A. Tiehm
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Electrochemical Degradation ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) represent hazardous pollutants and are frequently detected in the environment, e.g. in contaminated groundwater. PFASs are persistent to biodegradation and conventional oxidation processes such as ozonation. In this study electrochemical degradation of PFASs on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is demonstrated. Experiments were performed with model solutions and contaminated groundwater with a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of 13 mg/L. The perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) perfluorobutanoate, perfluoropentanoate, perfluorohexanoate, perfluoroheptanoate and perfluorooctanoate, and the perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) perfluorobutane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate were detected in the groundwater samples. At PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 34 mg/L (0.7 to 79 μM), the degradation of PFASs was achieved despite of the high DOC background. Pseudo first-order kinetic constants of PFSA degradation increased with the increase of carbon chain length. Fluoride formation as well as the generation of PFCAs with shortened chain lengths was observed. Inorganic byproducts such as perchlorate were also formed and have to be considered in further process optimization.

The tissue distribution of rat chromogranin A-derived peptides: evidence for differential tissue processing from sequence specific antisera

1991 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Curry ◽  
C. F. Johnston ◽  
J. C. Hutton ◽  
S. D. Arden ◽  
N. G. Rutherford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Tissue Processing ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Differential Tissue

Flotation of quartz using ionic liquid collectors with different functional groups and varying chain lengths

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrushikesh Sahoo ◽  
Swagat S. Rath ◽  
Bisweswar Das ◽  
Barada Kanta Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chain Lengths
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