scholarly journals Importance of Block Randomization When Designing Proteomics Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Bram Burger ◽  
Marc Vaudel ◽  
Harald Barsnes
Keyword(s):  
Block Randomization

scholarly journals Effect of propranolol with and without rosuvastatin on migraine attacks: a triple blind randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. FNL44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdokht Mazdeh ◽  
Rihane Mahmudian ◽  
Seyed Y Vafaei ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Block Randomization

Aim: To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin in combination with propranolol in reducing migraine attacks. Patients & methods: In a clinical trial study with census method, 120 patients with migraine headache were included. Patients were randomly assigned (using block randomization) to either propranolol (10 mg twice a day) with rosuvastatin (10 mg daily; intervention group [n = 60]) or propranolol (10 mg twice a day) with placebo (control [n = 60]). Results: The numbers of attacks were significantly decreased in the intervention group at the end of second, third and fourth weeks from the beginning of the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with migraine, concomitant administration of propranolol (10 mg twice a day) and rosuvastatin (10 mg daily) is effective in reducing migraine attacks.

The Lazarus Funnel: a blinded prospective randomized in vitro trial of a novel CE-marked thrombectomy assist device

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M Fargen ◽  
J Mocco ◽  
Y Pierre Gobin
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Distal Embolization ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
Guide Catheter ◽  
Block Randomization ◽  
Time Required

IntroductionThe use of retrievable stents for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may result in the release of distal emboli in 12–22% of cases. The Lazarus Funnel is a novel CE-marked thrombectomy assist device designed to capture the stentriever and thrombus to minimize the likelihood of distal embolization. To study this technology, we performed a randomized blinded in vitro evaluation of this device.MethodsA cerebral flow model was used as an in vitro simulator for cerebral arterial thrombectomy procedures. Stratified block randomization was performed following embolus injection into one of three cohorts: Solitaire stentriever plus guide catheter (control); control plus proximal Funnel placement; or control plus distal Funnel placement. Time to embolectomy, recanalization, and incidence of distal emboli were determined by a blinded observer.ResultsForty-five thrombectomy trials were performed (15 in each group). The average time required for thrombectomy in each group was 8 min 26 s, 11 min 0 s and 9 min 24 s, respectively (p=NS). Use of the Funnel was associated with significantly improved recanalization compared with stentriever alone (p<0.01). Use of the proximal Funnel resulted in a 25% increase in successful recanalization and a 20% reduction in distal emboli. Use of the distal Funnel resulted in a 200% increase in successful recanalization and a 60% reduction in emboli.ConclusionsIn this AIS embolism flow model with Solitaire thrombectomy, the Lazarus Funnel resulted in a significant increase in recanalization and significant reduction in distal emboli without increase in time to recanalization.

scholarly journals Effect of cane length and swing arc width on drop-off and obstacle detection with the long cane

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Shik Kim ◽  
Robert Wall Emerson ◽  
Koorosh Naghshineh
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Extended Length ◽  
Block Randomization

A repeated-measures design with block randomization was used for the study, in which 15 adults with visual impairments attempted to detect the drop-offs and obstacles with the canes of different lengths, swinging the cane in different widths (narrow vs wide). Participants detected the drop-offs significantly more reliably with the standard-length cane (79.5% ± 6.5% of the time) than with the extended-length cane (67.6% ± 9.1%), p < .001. The drop-off detection threshold of the standard-length cane (4.1 ± 1.1 cm) was also significantly smaller than that of the extended-length cane (6.5 ± 1.8 cm), p < .001. In addition, participants detected drop-offs at a significantly higher percentage when they swung the cane approximately 3 cm beyond the widest part of the body (78.6% ± 7.6%) than when they swung it substantially wider (30 cm; 68.5% ± 8.3%), p < .001. In contrast, neither cane length ( p = .074) nor cane swing arc width ( p = .185) had a significant effect on obstacle detection performance. The findings of the study may help orientation and mobility specialists recommend appropriate cane length and cane swing arc width to visually impaired cane users.

scholarly journals Obstacle Detection with the Long Cane: Effect of Cane Tip Design and Technique Modification on Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Shik Kim ◽  
Robert Wall Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Orientation And Mobility ◽  
Block Randomization ◽  
Cane Technique

Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cane tip design and cane technique modification on obstacle detection performance as they interact with the size, height, and position of obstacles. Methods A repeated-measures design with block randomization was used for the study. In experiment one, participants attempted to detect obstacles with either a marshmallow tip or a bundu basher tip. In experiment two, participants were asked to detect obstacles using either the constant-contact technique or a modified constant-contact technique. Results As predicted, the obstacle detection rate with the bundu basher tip (M = 66.1%, SD = 7.4%) was significantly higher than that with the marshmallow tip (M = 54.6%, SD = 6.8%), F(1, 11) = 24.19, p, r = .83. However, contrary to our hypothesis, the obstacle detection rate with the modified constant-contact technique (M = 56.0%, SD = 7.4%) was significantly lower than that with the constant-contact technique (M = 61.3%, SD = 5.2%), F(1, 13) = 6.49, p = .024, r = .58. In addition, participants detected the obstacles that were positioned at the center of their walking path (M = 61.9%, SD = 6.6%) at a significantly higher rate than those positioned slightly off to the side (M = 55.4%, SD = 7.3%), F(1, 13) = 10.73, p = .006, r = .67. Discussion A bundu basher tip was more advantageous than the marshmallow tip for detecting obstacles. Implications for practitioners Given the findings of the study, cane users and orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists should consider using or recommending a bundu basher tip (or a similar tip that has an increased contact area with the walking surface), particularly when the traveling environment often presents unexpected obstacles that may trip the cane user.

Pralidoxime in carbaryl poisoning: an animal model

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mercurio-Zappala ◽  
Jason B. Hack ◽  
Annabella Salvador ◽  
Robert S. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Block Randomization ◽  
Single Objective

Introduction: Poisoning from organophosphates and carbamates is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Concerns have been expressed over the safety and efficacy of the use of oximes such as pralidoxime (2-PAM) in patients with carbamate poisoning in general, and more so with carbaryl poisoning specifically. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of 2-PAM in a mouse model of lethal carbaryl poisoning. Methods: Female ICR Swiss Albino mice weighing 25-30 g were acclimated to the laboratory and housed in standard conditions. One hundred and ten mice received an LD 50 dose of carbaryl subcutaneously. Ten minutes later, they were randomized by block randomization to one of eight treatment groups: normal saline control, atropine alone, 100 mg/kg 2-PAM with and without atropine, 50 mg/kg 2-PAM with and without atropine, and 25 mg/kg 2-PAM with and without atropine. All medications were given intraperitoneally and the atropine dose was constant at 4 mg/kg. The single objective endpoint was defined as survival to 24 hours. Fatalities were compared using a Chi squared or Fisher's exact test. Results: Following an LD50 of carbaryl, 60% of the animals died. Atropine alone statistically improved survival (15% lethality). High dose 2-PAM with and without atropine was numerically worse, but not statistically different from control. While the middle dose of 2-PAM was no different than control, the addition of atropine improved survival (10% fatality). Low-dose 2-PAM statistically improved survival (25% lethality). Atropine further reduced lethality to 10%. Conclusion: When appropriately dosed, 2-PAM alone protects against carbaryl poisoning in mice. Failure to demonstrate this benefit in other models may be the result of oxime overdose. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 125-129

A practical response adaptive block randomization (RABR) design with analytic type I error protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Zhan ◽  
Lu Cui ◽  
Ziqian Geng ◽  
Lanju Zhang ◽  
Yihua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
Error Protection ◽  
Block Randomization
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