Dynamic Moduli Mapping of Silica-Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizate by Nanorheological Atomic Force Microscopy

Abstract The atomic force microscope (AFM) can profile surfaces similar to the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at resolutions down to the atomic level. To investigate carbon-black particles and subsequently styrene-butadiene-rubber, filled with carbon black, a STM was modified to run as an AFM. An optical detection system is used to measure the deflection of the cantilever. Atomic resolution was achieved by forces in the order of 5·10−8 N on mica with the AFM. Structural investigations of carbon-black particles of different dimensions with the AFM agree with the data of the manufacturer. The model of the microstructure of such particles, built up of 1–3 nm large, tilted domains of graphite structures, could be confirmed. This surface roughness is probably an important parameter for the strengthening mechanism of carbon black in elastomers.

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Incorporation of a recycled rubber compound from the shoe industry in polystyrene: Effect of SBS compatibilizer content

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics ◽

10.1177/0095244318819213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 3-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽

Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽

Danilo Diniz Siqueira ◽

Dayanne Diniz de Souza Morais ◽

Edson Antônio dos Santos Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Softening Temperature ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rubber Compound ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Immiscible Blends ◽

Shoe Industry ◽

Atomic Force ◽

The One ◽

Styrene Butadiene

This research aimed to evaluate the influence of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) compatibilizer in the polystyrene blends properties with a recycled styrene–butadiene rubber compound. The SBS content was 5, 7.5, and 10%. Commercial high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) was used for comparison. The results indicated that the viscosity of the blends was higher than that of HIPS. The blends compatibilized with 5 and 7.5% had the same level of impact strength as HIPS, while the one with 10% obtained a gain of 80% in relation to HIPS. The flexural strength, hardness, heat deflection temperature, and Vicat softening temperature properties were similar to those of HIPS, which was attributed to the presence of inorganic fillers, minimizing losses in these properties. By atomic force microscopy, two distinct phases were observed, and in the morphology analyzed through scanning electron microscopy, a typical characteristic of immiscible blends was observed.

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Rubber Nanocomposites: Morphology and Mechanical Properties of BR and SBR Vulcanizates Reinforced by Organophilic Layered Silicates

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3544946 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 221-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

Markus Ganter ◽

Wolfram Gronski ◽

Peter Reichert ◽

Rolf Mülhaupt

Keyword(s):

Layered Silicates ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Silicate Layers ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Rubber compounds based on butadiene rubber (BR) or styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR) containing organophilic layered silicates were prepared. Organophilic silicates were swollen in a rubber/toluene solution. Matrix—filler reactive bonding was performed by adding bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfan (TESPT) during swelling. Excellent dispersion of organoclay nanofillers in rubber matrices was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) exhibiting intercalated and partially exfoliated silicate layers. Matrix—filler interfacial coupling by TESPT led to reduced strain at break and reduced hysteresis for both organoclay and silica-based vulcanizates as expected for successful matrix filler coupling. Organoclay vulcanizates exhibited enhanced hysteresis when compared to silica compounds. This is related to orientation and sliding of anisotropic silicate layers, as determined by online wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements during cyclic tensile testing.

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STUDY ON NANOMORPHOLOGY OF HIGH-STRUCTURE CARBON BLACK AND ITS BOUND RUBBER BY AFM

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x12500035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (01) ◽

pp. 1250003

Author(s):

JIAN CHEN ◽

YONGZHONG JIN ◽

JINGYU ZHANG ◽

YAFENG WU ◽

CHUNCAI MENG

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Cluster Structure ◽

Chemical Activity ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Filled Rubber ◽

Bound Rubber ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

High Structure

Bound rubber in carbon black (CB) filled rubber (natural rubber (NR) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBS)) was prepared by the solvent method. The nanomorphology of CB and rubber/CB soluble rubber was observed by atomic force microscope. The results show that high-structure CB DZ13 has a "grape cluster" structure which consists of many original particles with the grain size of about 30–50 nm. Graphitizing process of CB decreases the amount of bound rubber. The NR/DZ13 soluble rubber with island–rim structure has been obtained, where the islands are DZ13 particles and the rims around the islands are occupied by NR film. But when the graphitized DZ13 particles were used as fillers of rubber, we have only observed that some graphitized DZ13 particles were deposited on the surface of the globular-like NR molecular chains, instead of the spreading of NR molecular chains along the surface of DZ13 particles, indicating that graphitized DZ13 has lower chemical activity than ungraphitized DZ13. Especially, we have already observed an interesting unusual bound rubber phenomenon, the blocked "bracelet" structure with the diameter of about 600 nm in which CB particles were blocked in ring-shaped SBS monomer.

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