Brain Targeting of Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol O-Acyltransferase-1 Inhibitor K-604 via the Intranasal Route Using a Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Solution

This study aimed at designing mucoadhesive microemulsion gel to enhance the brain uptake of Ibuprofen through intranasal route. Ibuprofen loaded mucoadhesive microemulsion (MMEI) was developed by incorporating polycarbophil as mucoadhesive polymer into Capmul MCM based optimal microemulsion (MEI) and was subjected to characterization, stability, mucoadhesion and naso-ciliotoxicity study. Brain uptake of ibuprofen via nasal route was studied by performing biodistribution study in Swiss albino rats. MEI was found to be transparent, stable and non ciliotoxic with 66.29 ± 4.15 nm, -20.9 ± 3.98 mV and 98.66 ± 1.01% as average globule size, zeta potential and drug content respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study revealed the narrow globule size distribution of MEI. Following single intranasal administration of MMEI and MEI at a dose of 2.86 mg/kg, uptake of ibuprofen in the olfactory bulb was around 3.0 and 1.7 folds compared with intravenous injection of ibuprofen solution (IDS). The ratios of AUC in brain tissues to that in plasma obtained after nasal administration of MMEI were significantly higher than those after intravenous administration of IDS. Findings of the present investigation revealed that the developed mucoadhesive microemulsion gel could be a promising approach for brain targeting of ibuprofen through intranasal route.

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Advances in stem cell therapy for brain diseases via intranasal route

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666201218130947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Preeti Dali ◽

Pravin Shende

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Brain Targeting ◽

Intranasal Route ◽

The Brain

: Stem cell therapy efficiently targets the brain for most of the neurological disorders like migraine, Parkinsonism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and brain injury. The major obstacles in potential brain targeting are the physiological barriers like blood-brain-barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The conventional injectable route or direct transplantation of stem cells results in brain injury and is less feasible clinically. The alternative to these invasive routes is the intranasal route that is non-invasive, easily repeatable technique, and highly effective in brain targeting without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Extensive research has been undertaken for the delivery of stem cells to the brain via the intranasal route that hold great potential in overcoming the existing barriers. Nanotechnology is emerging as a novel interdisciplinary filed in the arena of stem cell research. The combination of nanotechnology coupled with stem cell therapy has led to synergistic outcomes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of neurological diseases.This review provides insights into stem cell-based nanotherapy for brain targeting via the intranasal route.

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