ABSTRACTDirect interspecies electron transfer (DIET) is potentially an effective form of syntrophy in methanogenic communities, but little is known about the diversity of methanogens capable of DIET. The ability ofMethanosarcina barkerito participate in DIET was evaluated in coculture withGeobacter metallireducens. Cocultures formed aggregates that shared electrons via DIET during the stoichiometric conversion of ethanol to methane. Cocultures could not be initiated with a pilin-deficientG. metallireducensstrain, suggesting that long-range electron transfer along pili was important for DIET. Amendments of granular activated carbon permitted the pilin-deficientG. metallireducensisolates to share electrons withM. barkeri, demonstrating that this conductive material could substitute for pili in promoting DIET. WhenM. barkeriwas grown in coculture with the H2-producingPelobacter carbinolicus, incapable of DIET,M. barkeriutilized H2as an electron donor but metabolized little of the acetate thatP. carbinolicusproduced. This suggested that H2, but not electrons derived from DIET, inhibited acetate metabolism.P. carbinolicus-M. barkericocultures did not aggregate, demonstrating that, unlike DIET, close physical contact was not necessary for interspecies H2transfer.M. barkeriis the second methanogen found to accept electrons via DIET and the first methanogen known to be capable of using either H2or electrons derived from DIET for CO2reduction. Furthermore,M. barkeriis genetically tractable, making it a model organism for elucidating mechanisms by which methanogens make biological electrical connections with other cells.
Differential Effect of Anaerobic Digestion on Gaseous Products from Sequential Pyrolysis of Three Organic Solid Wastes
