Rapid Transformation of Furfural to Biofuel Additive Ethyl Levulinate with In Situ Suppression of Humins Promoted by an Acidic-Oxygen Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surachai Karnjanakom ◽  
Asep Bayu ◽  
Panya Maneechakr ◽  
Chanatip Samart ◽  
Suwadee Kongparakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Environment ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Enhanced Biodiesel and Ethyl Levulinate Production from Rice Bran through Non Catalytic In Situ Transesterification under Subcritical Water Ethanol Mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Siti Zullaikah ◽  
Sri Utami ◽  
Rifky Putra Herminanto ◽  
M. Rachimoellah
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Polarity Index ◽  
Transesterification Method

In-situ transesterification method without catalysts to produce biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl esters, FAEE) from rice bran using subcritical water ethanol mixture has been investigated. This method was found to be efficient since the rice bran oil (RBO) extraction and reaction of RBO into FAEE occur simultaneously. In this process other chemical (ethyl levulinate, EL) was also formed along with FAEE. EL can be used to improve the biodiesel quality by improving the low temperature properties of biodiesel. In this study effect of co-solvent types (without co-solvent, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane) and water ethanol ratio (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%, v/v) on the content and yield of FAEE and EL at subcritical water ethanol mixture (T= 160°C, P= 80 bar, and t= 2 h) were investigated systematically. The content and yield of FAEE and EL obtained was found to be affected by the type of co-solvent. The content of FAEE and EL obtained without co-solvent (ethanol and water polarity index were PI=5.2 and PI=10.2, respectively) and with co-solvent of ethyl acetate (PI= 4.4), chloroform (PI= 4.1) and n-hexane (PI= 0.1) were 55.80% and 3.92%, 68.63% and 1.15%, 65.56% and 2.14%, and 62.00% and 0.93%, respectively. Higher polarity index of co-solvent extracted more RBO, as consequent the yield of FAEE (79.79%) obtained was higher using ethyl acetate as co-solvent. This data also suggested that RBO contains more free fatty acids (FFA= 63.59%) rather than of triglycerides (TG= 24.94%).The content and yield of FAEE and EL decreased with increasing water ethanol ratio. The highest content of FAEE (60.57%) and EL (8.48%) and yield of FAEE (78.03%) and EL (10.92%) were obtained using water ethanol ratio of 20%, v/v.

Enhanced Biodiesel and Ethyl Levulinate Production from Rice Bran through Non Catalytic In Situ Transesterification under Subcritical Water Ethanol Mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Siti Zullaikah ◽  
Sri Utami ◽  
Rifky Putra Herminanto ◽  
M. Rachimoellah
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Polarity Index ◽  
Transesterification Method

In-situ transesterification method without catalysts to produce biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl esters, FAEE) from rice bran using subcritical water ethanol mixture has been investigated. This method was found to be efficient since the rice bran oil (RBO) extraction and reaction of RBO into FAEE occur simultaneously. In this process other chemical (ethyl levulinate, EL) was also formed along with FAEE. EL can be used to improve the biodiesel quality by improving the low temperature properties of biodiesel. In this study effect of co-solvent types (without co-solvent, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane) and water ethanol ratio (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%, v/v) on the content and yield of FAEE and EL at subcritical water ethanol mixture (T= 160°C, P= 80 bar, and t= 2 h) were investigated systematically. The content and yield of FAEE and EL obtained was found to be affected by the type of co-solvent. The content of FAEE and EL obtained without co-solvent (ethanol and water polarity index were PI=5.2 and PI=10.2, respectively) and with co-solvent of ethyl acetate (PI= 4.4), chloroform (PI= 4.1) and n-hexane (PI= 0.1) were 55.80% and 3.92%, 68.63% and 1.15%, 65.56% and 2.14%, and 62.00% and 0.93%, respectively. Higher polarity index of co-solvent extracted more RBO, as consequent the yield of FAEE (79.79%) obtained was higher using ethyl acetate as co-solvent. This data also suggested that RBO contains more free fatty acids (FFA= 63.59%) rather than of triglycerides (TG= 24.94%). The content and yield of FAEE and EL decreased with increasing water ethanol ratio. The highest content of FAEE (60.57%) and EL (8.48%) and yield of FAEE (78.03%) and EL (10.92%) were obtained using water ethanol ratio of 20%, v/v.

Enhanced ethyl levulinate production from citrus peels through an in-situ hydrothermal reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Yang ◽  
Jeongseok Park ◽  
Jeesung Son ◽  
Bora Kim ◽  
Jae W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Citrus Peels

Alpha-Mangostin Phase Inversion Induced In Situ Forming Gel

2019 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Setthapong Senarat ◽  
Takorn Chantadee ◽  
Wichai Santimaleeworagun ◽  
Yaowaruk Phorom ◽  
Thawatchai Phaechamud
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Formation Behavior ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Methyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Rapid Transformation

Alpha-mangostin (aMG) phase inversion induced in situ forming gel (ISG) was prepared by dissolving matrix formers including palmitic acid (P) and lauric acid (L) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). The pH and density values were in range of 4.42-6.22 and 0.9731-1.0943 g.cm-3, respectively. The prepared formulas have low viscosity and high injectability which were suitable for injection. The gel formation behavior was affected by type of fatty acid and solvent. P dissolved in DMSO showed a rapid transformation into matrix at initial time. The extended release of aMG was attained in P-based ISG. aMG phase inversion induced ISG improved microbial inhibition.

In Situ Tribological Evaluation of Greases and Solid Lubricants in a Simulated Atomic Oxygen Environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 950-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Wei ◽  
Paul J. Wilbur ◽  
Brett W. Buchholz ◽  
Frank M. Kustas
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Oxygen Environment

scholarly journals Bioturbation in a Declining Oxygen Environment, in situ Observations from Wormcam

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e34539 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kersey Sturdivant ◽  
Robert J. Díaz ◽  
George R. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Environment ◽  
In Situ Observations

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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