Enhanced Biodiesel and Ethyl Levulinate Production from Rice Bran through Non Catalytic In Situ Transesterification under Subcritical Water Ethanol Mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Siti Zullaikah ◽  
Sri Utami ◽  
Rifky Putra Herminanto ◽  
M. Rachimoellah
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Polarity Index ◽  
Transesterification Method

In-situ transesterification method without catalysts to produce biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl esters, FAEE) from rice bran using subcritical water ethanol mixture has been investigated. This method was found to be efficient since the rice bran oil (RBO) extraction and reaction of RBO into FAEE occur simultaneously. In this process other chemical (ethyl levulinate, EL) was also formed along with FAEE. EL can be used to improve the biodiesel quality by improving the low temperature properties of biodiesel. In this study effect of co-solvent types (without co-solvent, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane) and water ethanol ratio (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%, v/v) on the content and yield of FAEE and EL at subcritical water ethanol mixture (T= 160°C, P= 80 bar, and t= 2 h) were investigated systematically. The content and yield of FAEE and EL obtained was found to be affected by the type of co-solvent. The content of FAEE and EL obtained without co-solvent (ethanol and water polarity index were PI=5.2 and PI=10.2, respectively) and with co-solvent of ethyl acetate (PI= 4.4), chloroform (PI= 4.1) and n-hexane (PI= 0.1) were 55.80% and 3.92%, 68.63% and 1.15%, 65.56% and 2.14%, and 62.00% and 0.93%, respectively. Higher polarity index of co-solvent extracted more RBO, as consequent the yield of FAEE (79.79%) obtained was higher using ethyl acetate as co-solvent. This data also suggested that RBO contains more free fatty acids (FFA= 63.59%) rather than of triglycerides (TG= 24.94%). The content and yield of FAEE and EL decreased with increasing water ethanol ratio. The highest content of FAEE (60.57%) and EL (8.48%) and yield of FAEE (78.03%) and EL (10.92%) were obtained using water ethanol ratio of 20%, v/v.

Enhanced Biodiesel and Ethyl Levulinate Production from Rice Bran through Non Catalytic In Situ Transesterification under Subcritical Water Ethanol Mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Siti Zullaikah ◽  
Sri Utami ◽  
Rifky Putra Herminanto ◽  
M. Rachimoellah
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Polarity Index ◽  
Transesterification Method

In-situ transesterification method without catalysts to produce biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl esters, FAEE) from rice bran using subcritical water ethanol mixture has been investigated. This method was found to be efficient since the rice bran oil (RBO) extraction and reaction of RBO into FAEE occur simultaneously. In this process other chemical (ethyl levulinate, EL) was also formed along with FAEE. EL can be used to improve the biodiesel quality by improving the low temperature properties of biodiesel. In this study effect of co-solvent types (without co-solvent, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane) and water ethanol ratio (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%, v/v) on the content and yield of FAEE and EL at subcritical water ethanol mixture (T= 160°C, P= 80 bar, and t= 2 h) were investigated systematically. The content and yield of FAEE and EL obtained was found to be affected by the type of co-solvent. The content of FAEE and EL obtained without co-solvent (ethanol and water polarity index were PI=5.2 and PI=10.2, respectively) and with co-solvent of ethyl acetate (PI= 4.4), chloroform (PI= 4.1) and n-hexane (PI= 0.1) were 55.80% and 3.92%, 68.63% and 1.15%, 65.56% and 2.14%, and 62.00% and 0.93%, respectively. Higher polarity index of co-solvent extracted more RBO, as consequent the yield of FAEE (79.79%) obtained was higher using ethyl acetate as co-solvent. This data also suggested that RBO contains more free fatty acids (FFA= 63.59%) rather than of triglycerides (TG= 24.94%).The content and yield of FAEE and EL decreased with increasing water ethanol ratio. The highest content of FAEE (60.57%) and EL (8.48%) and yield of FAEE (78.03%) and EL (10.92%) were obtained using water ethanol ratio of 20%, v/v.

PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM EKSTRAK MINYAK BEKATUL PADI (RICE BRAN OIL)

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Rice Milling

<p>Abstract: Bran rice is a by-product of rice milling which only used as cattle feed. Utilization of<br />bran rice to take rice bran oil will increase its economic value. Rice bran oil contains natural<br />antioxidants -oryzanol and fatty acids. Antioxidants -oryzanol are more powerful than vitamin<br />E to avoid free radical damage. One way to recovery rice bran oil is extraction using volatile<br />solvents. The effects of solvent type to yield of rice bran oil and antioxidant activity of rice bran<br />oil need to be researched. This study started with the process of stabilization of bran to inhibit<br />lipase activity. Next process was extraction of bran oil using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and<br />ethanol as the solvent. The next step was evaluation the acid number and antioxidant activity of<br />obtained oil with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results showed that the<br />yields of oil were affected by solvent polarity compounds. Highest yield was obtained on<br />extraction using ethanol and the yield was 12.553%, 14.105% and 17.431%. Acid test showed<br />that extraction using ethyl acetate produced oil with smallest acid number (79.662 and 90.882)and test of antioxidant activity showed that extraction with ethanol was potential as antioxidants<br />which value of IC<br />50<br />were 46.79% and 47.29%.<br />Keywords: bran, extraction, solvent type, antioxidants, DPPH</p>

Lipids Extraction from Wet and Unbroken Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Using Subcritical Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zullaikah ◽  
Maria Christy P. Jessinia ◽  
Rinaldi ◽  
Medina Yasmin ◽  
M. Rachimoellah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Water ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Polarity Index

Lipids extraction from wet and unbroken microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) using subcritical water with aid of co-solvents has been investigated. Lipids extraction from wet and unbroken microalgae has a crucial role in order to eliminate dewatering and drying steps. Subcritical water is able to extract lipids from feedstock with high water content. This work was conducted to study several factors affecting in subcritical water extraction (SWE) from wet and unbroken microalgae. In this study, effect of co-solvent types (without co-solvent, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) under subcritical water (microalgae = 5g (dry weight), moisture content= 94.12%, T= 160°C, P = 80 bar, t= 30 min), extraction time (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h), and temperature (160o C, 180o C and 200o C) on yield of lipids were investigated orderly. Yield of lipids obtained without co-solvent (water polarity index = 10.2) and with co-solvents of methanol (PI=5.1), ethanol (PI=5.2), chloroform (PI=4.1), ethyl acetate (PI=4.4), and n-hexane (PI=0.1) were 38.73%, 26.47%, 26.12%, 51.93%, 53.40%, and 25.59%, respectively compared to the yield of lipids extracted using Bligh and Dyer method. Ethyl acetate is solvent with moderate PI, therefore can extract more lipids that is also have moderate polarity. Ethyl acetate shows a good performance to extract lipids from wet and unbroken microalgae because ethyl acetate can extract broader range of lipids including neutral and polar lipids. This study also found that increasing of extraction time and temperature to extract lipids in subcritical water condition can increase yield of lipids.

A critical comparison of methyl and ethyl esters production from soybean and rice bran oil in the presence of microwaves

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (17) ◽  
pp. 7896-7902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Kanitkar ◽  
Sundar Balasubramanian ◽  
Marybeth Lima ◽  
Dorin Boldor
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Critical Comparison

scholarly journals Produksi Biodiesel dari Dedak Padi dengan Metode In-Situ Dua Tahap Menggunakan Katalis Asam Sulfat dan CaO/Hydrotalcite

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
◽  
Ayu Alisa ◽  
Devita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oleic Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Two Sides

In this study, biodiesel is made from rice bran vegetable oil. Biodiesel production was carried out by the in-situ method using two-sides using sulfuric acid catalysts and CaO/hydrotalcite. The solvent used was methanol as an oil component in the material and a reactant in the formation of FAME and n-hexane as a solvent to increase the yield of rice bran oil extraction. CaO/hydrotalcite to the yield of biodiesel produced and composition of biodiesel at the highest yield. As much as 50 grams of rice bran was put into a three-neck flask, then 50 ml of n-hexane were added. Next, 1 ml mixture of a sulfuric acid catalyst and 250 ml of methanol were added. Then, the mixture was reacted at 65º. Add stirring to 600 rpm for 90 minutes. Reheating after 90 minutes and a sample of 2.5 grams was taken for FFA testing. Next, the CaO/hydrotalcite catalyst in 10 ml of methanol with a mass variation of 1; 1,5; and 2 grams are added to the reaction flask. The mixture was reacted again at a temperature of 65 ºSuitably stirrings 600 rpm for 90 minutes. Based on the BET test results, the CaO/hydrotalcite catalyst surface area was 200.13 m2/g. The best results obtained on CaO/hydrotalcite catalysts were 2 grams with a biodiesel yield of 9.56%. In the highest biodiesel yield, the FAME component is preferred over the oleic acid methyl ester composition with an area of 35.09% at a retention time of 19.14 min.

Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Non-Catalytic In-Situ Biodiesel Production from Rice Bran Using with RSM Historical Data Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zullaikah ◽  
Ari Krisna Putra ◽  
Fathi Haqqani Fachrudin ◽  
Rosada Y Naulina ◽  
Sri Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Constant Operation ◽  
Data Design

Biodiesel has become one of the essential fuels in the present and future, and it can be produced from vegetable oil and animal fat. However, current feedstocks to produce biodiesel slow down the growth of biodiesel implementation due to the high cost of feedstock. As a result, rice bran oil (RBO) is claimed to be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. A non-catalytic in-situ biodiesel production from low cost feedstock (RBO) using subcritical ethanol-water mixture probably decrease the production cost further and environmentally benign. Therefore, in this work the influence of four independent variables, adding co-solvent/without co-solvent, ethanol concentration, temperature, and time of reactions on the yield of biodiesel was examined tentatively. The independent variables limitations were (a) co-solvent of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform, (b) ethanol concentration of 20 - 80 %, v/v, (c) temperature of reaction 120 - 200 oC, and (d) time of reaction 1 - 4 h employed to direct the trials. In this examination historical data design was utilized and a quadratic polynomial model was built up and after that at last optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). It was found that the yield of biodiesel achieved an optimum value of 79.79 %, v/v using ethyl acetate as co-solvent with ethanol concentration of 78.83 % (v/v), under constant operation conditions of P = 8 Mpa, T = 160 oC, t = 2 h, N = 400 rpm, ratio of rice bran (RB): solvent: co-solvent= 10 (g): 80 mL: 20 mL. In the other hand (rice bran 2), it was found that the yield of biodiesel achieved an optimum value of 76.98 % for 3.2 h of reaction time and temperature of reaction 200 oC, under constant operation conditions of P = 8 Mpa, co-solvent = ethyl acetate, ethanol concentration = 80 %, v/v, N = 400 rpm, ratio of RB: solvent: co-solvent= 10 (g): 80 mL: 20 mL. The examination has likewise uncovered that authentic plan information with RSM is a well-organized statistical technique for forecasting the optimum operating conditions of a non-catalytic in-situ biodiesel production from rice bran using subcritical ethanol-water mixture assumes a crucial role of ethanol concentration, types of co-solvent, temperature and time of reactions.

scholarly journals Solid liquid extraction of rice bran oil using binary mixture of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 911-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Hussain ◽  
Amir Shafeeq ◽  
Usamah Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Solid Liquid

The aim of the study is to investigate the potentials of less hazardous, binary mixtures of ethyl acetate (EA) and dichloromethane (DCM) for rice bran oil recovery. Nine solvent mixtures are used with different volumetric ratios of EA/DCM ranging from 0.11 to 9. Solvent mixture with volumetric ratio of 4 (S8) has enabled the maximum oil recovery 88.04 %. The oil extraction yield is enhanced from 76.41 to 89.7 % by increasing the preheating temperature from 40 to 65?C. The other optimized parameters for enhanced oil recovery are: bran particle size <125 ?m (obtained with 120 mesh sieve), solvent to bran ratio of 5 mL/g, and stirring time of 15 min. The minimum stirring rate for preventing agglomeration in the mixture and optimized oil recovery is 80 rpm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document