Barbituric, thiobarbituric acids and their related analogs are reactive synthons for
the synthesis of drugs and biologically, and pharmaceutically active pyrimidines. The present
review aimed to summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of different alkylsubstituted,
fused cycles, spiro-, and binary heterocycles incorporated pyrimidine skeleton
based on barbituric derivatives. In this sequence, the eco-friendly techniques under catalytic
conditions were used for the diverse types of multicomponent reactions under different
conditions for the synthesis of various types of heterocycles. Nano-catalysts are efficient for
the synthesis of these compounds in high yields and effective catalyst reusability. The compounds
are potent antibacterial, cytotoxic, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities, and attend
as urease inhibitors. The projected mechanisms for the synthesis of pyranopyrimidines, benzochromenopyrimidines,
chromeno-pyranopyrimidines, spiroxyindoles, oxospiro-tricyclic furopyrimidines, pyrimidine-based monoand
bicyclic pyridines were discussed. The potent and diverse biological activities for instance, antioxidant,
antibacterial, cytotoxic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities, as well as urease inhibitors, are specified.
