Trace Metals in Saharan Dust: The Use of in Vitro Bioaccessibility Extractions To Assess Potential Health Risks in a Dustier World

The present investigation aimed to provide novel information on the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds from raw citrus pomaces (mandarin varieties Clemenule and Ortanique and orange varieties Navel and Valencia). The effects of the baking process on their bioaccessibility was also assessed. Samples of pomaces and biscuits containing them as an ingredient were digested, mimicking the human enzymatic oral gastrointestinal digestion process, and the composition of the digests were analyzed. UHPLC-MS/MS results of the citrus pomaces flavonoid composition showed nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin. The analysis of the digests indicated the bioaccessibility of compounds possessing antioxidant [6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest, 65.5–97.1 µmol Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g digest, and 135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest for total phenol content (TPC), ABTS, and ORAC-FL methods, respectively; significant reduction (p < 0.05) in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation under tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mM)-induced conditions in IEC-6 and CCD-18Co cells when pre-treated with concentrations 5–25 µg/mL of the digests], anti-inflammatory [significant reduction (p < 0.05) in nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages], and antidiabetic (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL and 58.04–105.68 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition capacities) properties in the citrus pomaces under study. In addition, orange pomace biscuits with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber”, as well as those with good sensory quality (6.9–6.7, scale 1–9) and potential health promoting properties, were obtained. In conclusion, the results supported the feasibility of citrus pomace as a natural sustainable source of health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids. Unfractionated orange pomace may be employed as a functional food ingredient for reducing the risk of pathophysiological processes linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetes, among others.

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Levels of some trace metals and their potential health risks in water from Kwadon boreholes, Gombe State, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v10i1.122s ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 654

Author(s):

A.U. Maigari ◽

M Umar Maryam ◽

M.S. Sambo

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Health Risks ◽

Potential Health

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Occurrence and risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids in sediments and benthic invertebrates from Dianshan Lake, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-017-9069-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 14847-14856 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yan Wu ◽

Yihui Zhou ◽

Yanling Qiu ◽

Da Chen ◽

Zhiliang Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Health Risks ◽

Benthic Invertebrates ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Accumulation Factor ◽

Food Protein ◽

Potential Health ◽

Metals And Metalloids ◽

Local Populations ◽

Dianshan Lake

Abstract The present study measured concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in surface sediments and two benthic invertebrate species (Anodonta woodiana and Bellamya aeruginosa) collected from Dianshan Lake, located in the Yangtze River Delta. The Dianshan Lake acts as one of the most important drinking water sources to Shanghai, the biggest city in China. Concentrations of trace metals and metalloids ranged from 0.04 mg/kg for Cd to 288.0 mg/kg for Zn. Substantial bioaccumulation in invertebrates was observed for Zn and Cu based on the biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) measurements. The results revealed that concentrations of metals and metalloids in sediments from Dianshan Lake were at the lower end of the range of levels found in other regions of China. The assessment of three significantly inter-related evaluation indices, including the geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), potential ecological risk factor (Eri), and mean probable effect concentration quotients (Qm-PEC), suggested that sediment-associated trace elements exhibited no considerable ecological risks in the studied watershed. However, the target hazard quotient and hazard index analysis suggested that selected elements (particularly As) accumulation in edible tissues of benthic invertebrates could pose potential health risks to local populations, especially fishermen. Given that wild aquatic organisms (e.g., fish and bivalves) constitute the diet of local populations as popular food/protein choices, further investigations are needed to better elucidate human health risks from metal and metalloid exposure via edible freshwater organisms.

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Concentration and potential health risks of trace metals in warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa Forskal, 1775) from Southern Coasts of the Black Sea, Turkey

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-11563-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Barış Bayrakli

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Black Sea ◽

Health Risks ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Potential Health

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Relationship of arsenic speciation and bioavailability in mine wastes for human health risk assessment

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en14152 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 641 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Violet Diacomanolis ◽

Barry N. Noller ◽

Raijeli Taga ◽

Hugh H. Harris ◽

Jade B. Aitken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Arsenic Speciation ◽

Mine Wastes ◽

Potential Health ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Local Residents ◽

X Ray Absorption

Environmental context X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was applied to give arsenic chemical forms directly in the solid phase of mine wastes from two mine sites, including fluvial dispersion. The arsenic speciation data explained the variation of in vitro bioaccessibility and in vivo bioavailability (rat uptake) data of the mine wastes. The As speciation from XANES fitting supported the hypothesis that when soil intake is adjusted for bioaccessibility, the potential health risk estimate to local residents is significantly lower. Abstract X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used for arsenic speciation in mine processing and waste samples from two mines in northern Australia. XANES fitting of model compound spectra to samples was used, in combination with in vitro bioaccessibility data for the pure compounds, to predict bioaccessibility of each mine waste sample (Pearson’s correlation R2=0.756, n=51). The XANES fitting data for a smaller set of the samples (n=12) were compared with in vivo bioavailability and in vitro bioaccessibility data. The bioavailability of arsenic (As) in the mine wastes, which is dependent, at least in part, on its oxidation state, was found to be <14% (0.9–13.5%) for arsenite (AsIII) and <17% (3.5–16.4) for arsenate (AsV). Arsenic bioaccessibility in the mine wastes ranged from 8–36% in the stomach to 1–16% in the intestinal phase, indicating that a small portion of the total As concentration in the mine waste was available for absorption. A significant correlation showed that bioaccessibility can be used as a predictor of bioavailability. The XANES results support that bioavailability and bioaccessibility results were very similar and show a strong association with the presence of ferric arsenate and As sulfides. It can be concluded that, when soil intake is adjusted for bioaccessibility, the potential health risk estimate to local residents exposed to the mine waste was significantly lower than that estimated based on a 100% bioavailability often employed for the risk assessment.

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Trace Metals in Vegetables and Associated Health Risks in Industrial Areas of Savar, Bangladesh

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-10.27.200905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (27) ◽

pp. 200905

Author(s):

Md. Al Amin ◽

Md. Estiar Rahman ◽

Sahadat Hossain ◽

Mahmudur Rahman ◽

Mohammad Moshiur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Health Risks ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Microwave Digestion ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Potential Health ◽

Industrial Areas ◽

Vegetable Samples ◽

Corchorus Capsularis

Background. The occurrence of high levels of trace metals in foodstuffs represents a significant threat to human health. Vegetables grown in metal-contaminated soil or irrigated with wastewater can accumulate metals and bioaccumulate in the food chain affecting animals and humans. Objectives. The present study aimed to measure the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) in common vegetables grown in the industrial areas of Savar, Bangladesh, and to determine their potential health risks. Methods. Five vegetables species: jute ( Corchorus capsularis), red amaranth ( Amaranthus gangeticus), okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus), zucchini ( Luffa aegyptiaca) and stem amaranth ( Amaranthus viridis) were sampled randomly from agricultural fields across each study site. Vegetable samples were digested in a microwave digestion system (Berghof Microwave MWS-2, Germany). Metal concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-7000, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). Results. The range of Pb, Cd, Cr and Co in analyzed vegetables was 0.643–3.362, 0.041–0.049, 1.681–2.431 and 1.612–2.492 mg/kg, respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of Pb in zucchini and stem amaranth and the THQs of Cr in all analyzed vegetables was greater than one. The target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of Pb and Cd for all analyzed vegetables was in the unacceptable range. In all vegetable samples, lead content was detected to be higher than the maximum permissible limits. The THQ values indicate the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk through consumption of these vegetables. In addition, the TCR values of Pb and Cd indicate a lifetime carcinogenic health risks to consumers. Conclusions. Consumption of vegetables grown in this area may pose long-term health risks. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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